Detection and Identification of a Gammaherpesvirus in<i>Antechinus</i>spp. in Australia

Amery-Gale, Jemima; Vaz, Paola K.; Whiteley, Pam; Tatarczuch, Liliana; Taggart, David A.; Charles, JA; Schultz, David J.; Ficorilli, Nino; Devlin, Joanne M.; Wilks, C. R.

doi:10.7589/2013-07-165

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Novel herpesvirus species are underlined. Key: PaHV-2 = papiine herpesvirus 2 (AAN87165.1); SaHV-1 = saimiriine herpesvirus 1 (YP_003933809.1); HHV-1 = human herpesvirus 1 (NP_044632.1); MaHV-1 = macropodid herpesvirus 1 ([ 22 ]); VoHV-3 = vombatid herpesvirus 3 (novel sequence) ; PCMV = porcine cytomegalovirus (AF268042.1); HHV-6 = human herpesvirus 6A (NP_042931.1); HHV-4 = human herpesvirus 4 (YP_401712.1); HHV-8 = human herpesvirus 8 (ACY00400.1); SaHV-2 = saimiriine herpesvirus 2 (NP_040211.1); BHV-4 = bovine herpesvirus 4 (NP_076501.1); DaHV-1 = dasyurid herpesvirus 1 [ 13 ]; DaHV-2 = dasyurid herpesvirus 2 (novel sequence); MaHV-3 = macropodid herpesvirus 3 (ABO61861.1); MaHV-5 = macropodid herpesvirus 5 (novel sequence). PeHV-1 = peramelid herpesvirus 1 (novel sequence ); PotHV-1 = potoroid herpesvirus 1 [ 10 ]; VoHV-1 = vombatid herpesvirus 1 (novel sequence) ; VoHV-2 = vombatid herpesvirus 2 (novel sequence); PhaHV-1 = phascolarctid herpesvirus 1 (AEX15649.1); PhaHV-2 = phascolarctid herpesvirus 2 (AFN66528.1); EHV-2 = equine herpesvirus 2 (NP_042605.1); CpHV-2 = caprine herpesvirus 2 (ADV92276.1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently a gammaherpesvirus, denoted Potoroid herpesvirus 1 (PotHV-1), was identified in four free-living eastern bettongs ( Bettongia gaimardi ) as part of a comprehensive health surveillance program during translocation [ 10 ]. Two gammaherpesviruses have also been recently identified in koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) [ 11 , 12 ] and a novel gammaherpesvirus species was found in a yellow-footed antechinus ( Antechinus flavipes ) and an agile antechinus ( Antechinus agilis ) [ 13 ]. Whilst herpesvirus particles have been detected by electron microscopy in a common wombat ( Vombatus ursinus ) [ 14 ], molecular detection and classification of wombat herpesviruses have not previously been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Herpesvirus Infection in Populations of Australian Marsupials

et al. 2015

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Herpesviruses have been reported in several marsupial species, but molecular classification has been limited to four herpesviruses in macropodids, a gammaherpesvirus in two antechinus species (Antechinus flavipes and Antechinus agilis), a gammaherpesvirus in a potoroid, the eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) and two gammaherpesviruses in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). In this study we examined a range of Australian marsupials for the presence of herpesviruses using molecular and serological techniques, and also assessed risk factors associated with herpesvirus infection. Our study population included 99 koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), 96 eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus), 50 Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) and 33 common wombats (Vombatus ursinius). In total, six novel herpesviruses (one alphaherpesvirus and five gammaherpesviruses) were identified in various host species. The overall prevalence of detection of herpesvirus DNA in our study population was 27.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) of 22.6–32.2%), but this varied between species and reached as high as 45.4% (95% CI 28.1–63.7%) in common wombats. Serum antibodies to two closely related macropodid herpesviruses (macropodid herpesvirus 1 and 2) were detected in 44.3% (95% CI 33.1–55.9%) of animals tested. This also varied between species and was as high as 92% (95% CI 74.0–99.0%) in eastern grey kangaroos. A number of epidemiological variables were identified as positive predictors for the presence of herpesvirus DNA in the marsupial samples evaluated. The most striking association was observed in koalas, where the presence of Chlamydia pecorum DNA was strongly associated with the presence of herpesvirus DNA (Odds Ratio = 60, 95% CI 12.1–297.8). Our results demonstrate the common presence of herpesviruses in Australian marsupials and provide directions for future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Herpesvirus Infection in Populations of Australian Marsupials

et al. 2015

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“…There is limited information found in the literature about viral infections diagnosed in this species. Cytomegalic disease was described in several marsupial species including the kowari; historically, the disease was thought to be caused by a cytomegalovirus, but in a recent study gammaherpesviruses were detected in connection with the disorder [6]. The present work describes the detection, and preliminary genetic characterization of a distinct, novel AdV in a specimen of kowari as possible cause of pneumonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Novel adenovirus detected in kowari (Dasyuroides byrnei) with pneumonia

Gál

Mándoki

Sós³

et al. 2017

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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A male kowari (Dasyuroides byrnei) originating from a zoo facility was delivered for post mortem evaluation in Hungary. Acute lobar pneumonia with histopathologic changes resembling an adenovirus (AdV) infection was detected by light microscopic examination. The presence of an AdV was confirmed by obtaining partial sequence data from the adenoviral DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase. Although the exact taxonomic position of this novel marsupial origin virus could not be determined, pairwise identity analyses and phylogenetic calculations revealed that it is distantly related to other members in the family Adenoviridae.

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“…Prior studies have revealed that marsupial-infecting viruses encompass only a handful of the known viral families, including the Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picornaviridae , and Retroviridae ( Bennett et al. 2010 ; Amery-Gale et al. 2014 ; Carneiro et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient viral integrations in marsupials: a potential antiviral defence

et al. 2021

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Marsupial viruses are understudied compared to their eutherian mammal counterparts, although they may pose severe threats to vulnerable marsupial populations. Genomic viral integrations, termed endogenous viral elements (EVEs) could protect the host from infection. It is widely known past viral infections and EVEs play an active role in antiviral defence in invertebrates and plants. This study aimed to characterise actively transcribed EVEs in Australian marsupial species, because they may play an integral role in cellular defence against viruses. This study screened publicly available RNA sequencing datasets (n=35) and characterised 200 viral transcripts from thirteen Australian marsupial species. Of the 200 transcripts, 188 originated from either Bornaviridae, Filoviridae or Parvoviridae EVEs. The other 12 transcripts were from putative active infections from members of the Herpesviridae and Anelloviridae, and Hepadnaviridae. EVE transcripts (n=188) were mapped to marsupial genomes (where available, n=5/13) to identify the genomic insertion sites. Of the 188 transcripts, 117 mapped to 39 EVEs within the koala, bare-nosed wombat, tammar wallaby, brushtail possum and Tasmanian devil genomes. The remaining eight animals had no available genome (transcripts n=71). Every marsupial have Bornaviridae, Filoviridae and Parvoviridae EVEs, a trend widely observed in eutherian mammals. Whilst eutherian bornavirus EVEs are predominantly nucleoprotein-derived, marsupial bornavirus EVEs demonstrate a surprising replicase gene bias. We predicted these widely distributed EVEs were conserved within marsupials from ancient germline integrations, as many were over 65 million years old. One bornavirus replicase EVE, present in six marsupial genomes, was estimated to be 160 million years old, predating the American-Australian marsupial split. We considered transcription of these EVEs through small non-coding RNA as an ancient viral defence. Consistent with this, in koala small RNA sequence datasets we detected Bornaviridae replicase and Filoviridae nucleoprotein produced piRNA. These were enriched in testis tissue, suggesting they could protect marsupials from vertically transmitted viral integrations.

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Detection and Identification of a Gammaherpesvirus inAntechinusspp. in Australia

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Herpesvirus Infection in Populations of Australian Marsupials

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Herpesvirus Infection in Populations of Australian Marsupials

Novel adenovirus detected in kowari (Dasyuroides byrnei) with pneumonia

Ancient viral integrations in marsupials: a potential antiviral defence

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