Detection and Identification of Methylphenidate in Human Urine and Blood Samples.

Schubert, B.; Kankaanperä, Alpo; Painter, T. M.; Haug, Arne; Rasmussen, S. E.; Sunde, Erling; Sørensen, Nils Andreas

doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.24-0433

Cited by 27 publications

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“…The present method benefits from the molecular specificity of MS detection and utilizes commercially available N-trifluoroprolyl chloride to form GC separable MPH derivatives. Achiral GC methods for urinary MPH analyses have also been reported [24][25][26] and the total MPH isomer concentrations reported in such earlier studies (Table 3) are generally consistent with those reported here for normal metabolizers. [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enantiospecific gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of urinary methylphenidate: Implications for phenotyping

LeVasseur

Zhu

Markowitz

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography B

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A chiral derivatization gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for urine methylphenidate (MPH) analysis was developed and validated to investigate preliminary findings regarding a novel MPH poor metabolizer (PM). Detection was by electron impact (EI) ionizationselected ion monitoring of the N-trifluoroacetylprolylpiperidinium fragments from MPH and the piperidine-deuterated MPH internal standard. The PM eliminated ∼ 70 times more l-MPH in urine (9 % of the dose over 0-10h), and ∼ 5 times more of the d-isomer (10 % of the dose), than the mean values determined from 10 normal metabolizers of MPH. Only minor amounts of the metabolite phydroxy-MPH were found in the urine of both the PM and normal metabolizers, while the concentration of MPH lactam was not high enough to be detectable. The described method indirectly gauges the functional carboxylesterase-1 status of patients receiving MPH based on the evaluation of relative urine concentrations of d-MPH:l-MPH. Clinical implications concerning rational drug selection for an identified or suspected MPH PM are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enantiospecific gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of urinary methylphenidate: Implications for phenotyping

LeVasseur

Zhu

Markowitz

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Tissue samples including blood, liver and kidney as well as urine, when present, were collected at autopsy and analyzed for the presence of centrally stimulating amines according to methods previously described for body fluids (Bonnichsen et al, 1969;Schubert, 1970). The extraction method for the amphetamines had been changed and perfected in 1968 by Petrovics (1970).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal amphetamine intoxication

Orrenius

Maehly²

1970

Z Rechtsmed

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Three cases of lethal amphetamine intoxication are reported. The autopsy findings included pulmonary hemorrhage as well as subendocardial and gastric mueosal hemorrhages. The following tissue concentrations of amphetamine were found: 0.05--0.7 mg per 100 ml blood, 1 . 2 4 . 5 mg per 100 g liver and 0.4--0.8 mg per 100 g kidney. The pathological and toxicological findings are discussed with respect to previously published cases of metamphetamine poisoning as well as fatal intoxications due to combinations of amphetamine and other drugs.Zusammen/assung. Pathologiseh-anatomische und toxikologische Befunde yon drei Fallen yon tSdlicher Amphetaminvergiftung werden besehrieben. Subpleurale und subendoeardielle Blutungen sowie Blutungen im Lungenparenchym wurden beobachtet. Die Konzentrationen des Amphetamins betrugen ca. 0,05~0,7 mg per 100 ml Blur, 1,2-4,5 mg per 100 g Leber, 0,4--0,8 mg per 100 g Niere, und in einem Fall ca. 70 mg per 100 ml Ham. Weder Alkohol noch Arzneimittel konnten nachgewiesen werden.The intravenous injection of centrally stimulating amines ("Weck-amines ") can assume epidemic characteristics. This was first reported from J a p a n (Nagahama, 1968), but has since t h e n been experienced in several other countries among t h e m Sweden (Goldberg, 1968;Inghe, 1969). I n this country the abuse of psychoactive drugs, p r i m a r i l y phcnmetrazine, a m p h e t a m i n e and m e t a m p h e t a m i n e , often administered intravenously dissolved in t a p water, has been increasing since the 1940-ies and developed into a considerable social and medical problem.A m p h e t a m i n e , fl-phenylisopropylamine, is a s y m p a t h o m i m e t i c amine with a multitude of pharmacological effects involving p r i m a r i l y the central nervous and circulatory systems. I n high doses it produces a sustained rise in blood pressure and an increased heart rate. Arrythmias, extensive sweating and increase in b o d y t e m p e r a t u r e are further effects of larger t h a n therapeutic doses of amphetamine. Serious cases progress to convulsions, coma, circulatory collapse and death. D e a t h caused b y a m p h e t a m i n e intoxication has been ascribed to cardiovascular collapse, h y p e r p y r e x i a or cerebral hemorrhage (Davis et al., 1968).There are several problems facing the forensic scientists in evaluating the cause of death occurring in connection with the abuse of a m p h e t a m i n e drugs.

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“…The column, injector and detector temperature were set at 140°C to 270°C, 250°C, 300°C, respectively and detection was using NPD [179]. Other GC methods for the quantification of AMP and MPH in human biological samples [180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188] are reported in Table 3.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography (Gc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples

Sundari¹,

Amuthalakshmi²,

Nalini³

2020

Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder. The symptoms of ADHD include difficulty in attention, memory and impulse control. Many pharmaceutical formulations (stimulants and non-stimulants) are available on the market to treat ADHD symptoms. The most commonly used drugs for treatment are amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, bupropion, guanfacine and clonidine. In the field of pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis is an important tool used for the quantification of drugs and their metabolites present in biological samples using various analytical methods. Although a number of analytical methods were reported for the quantification of these drugs in biological samples of experimental animals, due to species differences, it is important to develop analytical methods to quantify these drugs in human biological samples to aid forensic and pharmacokinetic studies. In this review, we compile the bio-analytical methods such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography used for the quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples such as blood, plasma, serum, oral fluids, sweat, hair and urine based on earlier published articles from various journals.

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Detection and Identification of Methylphenidate in Human Urine and Blood Samples.

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Enantiospecific gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of urinary methylphenidate: Implications for phenotyping

Enantiospecific gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of urinary methylphenidate: Implications for phenotyping

Lethal amphetamine intoxication

Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples

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