Detection and Mitigation of RPL Rank and Version Number Attacks in the Internet of Things: SRPL-RP

Almusaylim, Zahrah A.; Jhanjhi, N. Z.; Alhumam, Abdulaziz

doi:10.3390/s20215997

Cited by 95 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A secure RPL routing protocol (SRPL-RP) for identifying and isolating rank and version attacks was proposed in [26]. The authors extended the work in [21,27] in which mitigation methods identified both rank and version attacks.…”

Section: Trust and Protocol-based Mitigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Trust-Based Intrusion Detection System for RPL Networks: Detecting a Combination of Rank and Blackhole Attacks

Ioulianou

Shahandashti

2022

JCP

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Routing attacks are a major security issue for Internet of Things (IoT) networks utilising routing protocols, as malicious actors can overwhelm resource-constrained devices with denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, notably rank and blackhole attacks. In this work, we study the impact of the combination of rank and blackhole attacks in the IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy (RPL) networks, and we propose a new security framework for RPL-based IoT networks (SRF-IoT). The framework includes a trust-based mechanism that detects and isolates malicious attackers with the help of an external intrusion detection system (IDS). Both SRF-IoT and IDS are implemented in the Contiki-NG operating system. Evaluation of the proposed framework is based on simulations using the Whitefield framework that combines both the Contiki-NG and the NS-3 simulator. Analysis of the simulations of the scenarios under active attacks showed the effectiveness of deploying SRF-IoT with 92.8% packet delivery ratio (PDR), a five-fold reduction in the number of packets dropped, and a three-fold decrease in the number of parent switches in comparison with the scenario without SRF-IoT. Moreover, the packet overhead introduced by SRF-IoT in attack scenarios is minimal at less than 2%. Obtained results suggest that the SRF-IoT framework is an efficient and promising solution that combines trust-based and IDS-based approaches to protect IoT networks against routing attacks. In addition, our solution works by deploying a watchdog mechanism on detector nodes only, leaving unaffected the operation of existing smart devices.

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Section: Trust and Protocol-based Mitigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Table 6, a comparison of our work with four similar studies is presented. Specifically, the evaluation results from the studies of MRTS [24], SRPL-RP [26], and SecTrust-RPL [26,28] are compared with our proposed SRF-IoT framework. The metrics used in the comparison are the PDR, parent switches, and packets dropped.…”

Section: Comparison With Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trust-Based Intrusion Detection System for RPL Networks: Detecting a Combination of Rank and Blackhole Attacks

Ioulianou

Shahandashti

2022

JCP

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“…Furthermore, the packet forwarding process in IoT-constrained devices is influenced by potential security threats, affecting the delivered services to end-users as the performance of the malignant nodes is rapidly increased during the data packet routing process. Eventually, the network's topology will be disrupted, and the resulting overhead will deplete the nodes' power resources and eventually break down the whole network [20].…”

Section: Security Issues and Threats In The Rpl Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Literature Review on Machine and Deep Learning Approaches for Detecting Attacks in RPL-Based 6LoWPAN of Internet of Things

Al-Amiedy

Anbar

Belaton

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The IETF Routing Over Low power and Lossy network (ROLL) working group defined IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL) to facilitate efficient routing in IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN). Limited resources of 6LoWPAN nodes make it challenging to secure the environment, leaving it vulnerable to threats and security attacks. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches have shown promise as effective and efficient mechanisms for detecting anomalous behaviors in RPL-based 6LoWPAN. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews and critically analyzes the research landscape on ML, DL, and combined ML-DL approaches applied to detect attacks in RPL networks. In addition, this study examined existing datasets designed explicitly for the RPL network. This work collects relevant studies from five major databases: Google Scholar, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, and IEEE Xplore® digital library. Furthermore, 15,543 studies, retrieved from January 2016 to mid-2021, were refined according to the assigned inclusion criteria and designed research questions resulting in 49 studies. Finally, a conclusive discussion highlights the issues and challenges in the existing studies and proposes several future research directions.

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“…A security solution for RPL called SRPL‐RP is presented in Almusaylim et al 20 The solution attempts to detect and isolate malicious nodes that directly modify the rank and the version number values by using a DIO message timestamp threshold in the network. Zaminkar et al 21 proposed a scheme for the detection and elimination of sinkhole attack in the RPL protocol, called SOS‐RPL.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment

Boudouaia

Abouaïssa

Ali-Pacha

et al. 2021

Int J Communication

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Summary Due to the new technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), connected objects have become smart interactive devices. However, despite their imminent advantages, whether for the daily life of users or in professional contexts, and the various security solutions proposed in literature in particular, the security of IoT networks is still a paramount issue given to the amount of confidential data that circulates through these technologies. In other words, among the IoT protocols that suffer from security issues, routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is considered to be one of the most widely used protocols in the deployment of constrained IoT networks with limited resources (storage and energy constraints for example). On this basis, this article investigates in the first part a security flaw in the RPL protocol by carrying out an attack against the rank value of the RPL in an IoT environment. In the second part, a mitigation scheme to avoid it using a trust threshold is proposed. The malicious behavior of the attack and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme were assessed by detailed simulations using the Cooja simulator, in terms of successful detection rate, average network hops and global energy consumption. To conclude, a fair comparison between the different simulation results has been adopted using the Friedman statistical test, and a discussion has been presented with some future works concerning security against rank attack.

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Detection and Mitigation of RPL Rank and Version Number Attacks in the Internet of Things: SRPL-RP

Cited by 95 publications

References 33 publications

A Trust-Based Intrusion Detection System for RPL Networks: Detecting a Combination of Rank and Blackhole Attacks

A Trust-Based Intrusion Detection System for RPL Networks: Detecting a Combination of Rank and Blackhole Attacks

A Systematic Literature Review on Machine and Deep Learning Approaches for Detecting Attacks in RPL-Based 6LoWPAN of Internet of Things

RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment

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