Detection and Mitigation of Smart Blackhole and Gray Hole Attacks in VANET Using Dynamic Time Warping

Krishnan, Premraj; Kumar, P. Arun Raj

doi:10.1007/s11277-021-09390-3

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…In this model, the periodic exchange of trust values among various nodes results in a huge routing overhead. Arun et al [32] proposed the SBGM (Smart Black-hole and Gray-hole Mitigation) mechanism based on the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) technique. The RSU is deployed in the promiscuous mode that observes the flow of packets from each vehicle.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviewing the relevant literature critically, it is evident that there are many limitations in the existing approaches. For example, the majority of these approaches [15], [30], [32] rely on additional IDS and control packets, which cause excessive routing overhead and delay. Similarly, approaches like [22], [29], [31] are dependent on clustering, trust value, and cryptographic techniques.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analyzed the performance of the proposed DPGHA approach using NS-2.35 [36] and SUMO-1.11 [37] simulators under Ubunto-20.04 and the results are compared with the benchmark approaches i.e. AODV [11], ES-AODV [22], DDBG [30], AODV-PDBM [38], and SBGM [32]. Simulation Settings -To design a real-world traffic scenario of an urban environment, the ''.osm'' file of Srinagar Highway in Islamabad Capital City, Pakistan, is downloaded from the OpenStreetMap home page [39], shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Implementation and Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Approach for the Detection and Prevention of Gray-Hole Attacks in VANETs

et al. 2023

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Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) deliver a wide range of commercial as well as safety applications and further motivate the advancements of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and Vehicles to Everything (V2X) communication. Despite their potential benefits, VANETs are susceptible to a variety of security attacks due to their open, distributed, and dynamic nature, which includes intrinsic protocol design issues. One such an infamous security attack is the Gray-Hole Attack (GHA), typically has two variants: Smart GHA and Sequence Number-based GHA. In Smart GHA, the malicious node behaves normally during the route discovery process, while in Sequence Number-based GHA, the malicious node starts misbehaving during the route discovery process. In either case, once the route is successfully established, it starts dropping the packets. In this paper, a novel security approach called ''Detection and Prevention of GHA'' (DPGHA) is proposed to detect and prevent both variants of GHA in Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) based VANETs. The approach is based on the generation of dynamic threshold values of abnormal differences of received, forwarded, and generated control or data packets among nodes and their sequence numbers. The proposed DPGHA is implemented and tested in NS-2 and SUMO simulators and its various performances are compared with the most relevant benchmark approaches. The results showed that the proposed DPGHA performed better than the benchmark approaches in terms of reduced routing overhead by 10.85% and end-to-end delay by 3.85%, increased Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) by 4.67% and throughput by 6.58%, and achieved a maximum detection rate of 2.3%.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implementation and Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Approach for the Detection and Prevention of Gray-Hole Attacks in VANETs

et al. 2023

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“…Researchers have proposed some works in detecting and mitigating Gray Hole and Sybile attacks in VANET that, as FANET, represent a particular type of MANET where the mobile nodes are vehicles or drones, respectively. For example, in [19] the authors have proposed a study focused on the detection of Gray Hole attacks in a vehicular network providing a solution mechanism called Smart Black Hole and Gray Hole Mitigation (SBGM) using a time series analysis of the dropped packets of each node based on Dynamic Time Warping able to improve the detection accuracy in SBGM. Also in [20], a Gray Hole attack aimed at disrupting traffic between cars and on the roadside in the field of autonomous and connected vehicles (ACVs), which represents a critical environment, is presented.…”

Section: Gray Hole and Sybil Attacks And Mitigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SecGPSR: A secure GPSR protocol for FANET against Sybil and Gray Hole Attacks

Tropea,

Spina,

Lakas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In recent years, drones have become increasingly prevalent in a wide range of applications, performing complex and critical tasks. To accomplish these tasks, drones cooperate by forming a Fly Ad-hoc Network (FANET) using specific routing protocols for communication. However, most of the routing protocols used in this type of network lack appropriate built-in security mechanisms, which creates numerous security challenges and concerns. To reduce the resulting security vulnerabilities and mitigate the impact of potential attacks, it is crucial to address these challenges before any deployment of FANETs. In this paper, we address two of the most harmful routing attacks - Sybil and Gray Hole and propose mitigating techniques to alleviate these attacks on FANET routing protocols. The proposed solution is secGPSR a secure version of the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol (GPSR). We validate the robustness of secGPSR through simulation using Omnet++ and present the results which show its effectiveness against Sybil and Gray Hole attacks.

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“…In order to effectively mitigate attack severity and ensure the security of VCN, this section categorizes and summarizes the corresponding solutions, as shown in Figure 6. Techniques based on thresholds, trust, encryption, and machine learning are frequently used to combat routing attacks [31]. The threshold-based detection approach identifies the attack behavior by observing the packet drops or sequence number values in a certain time period.…”

Section: B Security Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Vehicular Cloud Network Security

Deng,

Liu

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The novel Vehicular Cloud Network (VCN) is a close combination of Vehicular Ad hoc Network, Cloud Computing, and Edge Computing. However, VCN is facing the enormous challenge of security and privacy before it is generalized. To address these issues, VCN communication characteristics and security requirements are summarized first. Secondly, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the existing security problems and solutions in VCN based on several attack models, including routing, data, identity, DoS, and hostile attacks. And we summarize the security solutions into two categories: security defense measures based on identity authentication and access control, and security protection measures based on traffic detection and anomaly detection. Thirdly, this paper proposes a reliable VCN security architecture consisting of three types of clouds: vehicular, edge, and central clouds. Moreover, the VCN architecture combines a Vehicle Intrusion Detection and Prevention System with a Vehicular Cloud Security Management Platform to ensure the security of VCN. Last but not least, some open issues worth investigating are discussed.

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Detection and Mitigation of Smart Blackhole and Gray Hole Attacks in VANET Using Dynamic Time Warping

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

An Efficient Approach for the Detection and Prevention of Gray-Hole Attacks in VANETs

An Efficient Approach for the Detection and Prevention of Gray-Hole Attacks in VANETs

SecGPSR: A secure GPSR protocol for FANET against Sybil and Gray Hole Attacks

A Survey on Vehicular Cloud Network Security

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