Detection and Molecular Characterization of Zoonotic Poxviruses Circulating in the Amazon Region of Colombia, 2014

Usme-Ciro, José A.; Paredes, Andrea; Walteros, Diana Marcela; Tolosa-Pérez, Erica Natalia; Laiton‐Donato, Katherine; Pinzón, Maria del Carmen; Petersen, Brett W.; Gallardo-Romero, Nadia; Yu, Li; Wilkins, Kimberly; Davidson, Whitni; Gao, Jinxin; Patel, Nishi; Nakazawa, Yoshinori; Reynolds, Mary G.; Satheshkumar, Panayampalli S.; Emerson, Ginny L.; Páez-Martínez, Andrés

doi:10.3201/eid2304.161041

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…PCPV has previously been isolated from atypical sites apart from the teats and udder [18,19,21]. As PCPV is a zoonotic disease, humans coming into direct contact with infected animals are at risk of contracting the infection [22]. We could not nd an active case of transmission to humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

First Detection and Molecular Characterisation of Pseudocowpox Virus in a Cattle Herd in Zambia

Ziba

Chitala

Settypalli³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae causes pseudocowpox in cattle worldwide and presents a zoonotic concern. Most poxviruses produce diseases of similar clinical signs in affected animals, which are impossible to differentiate clinically or by serology. It is, therefore, vital to use molecular assays to identify the causative agents of poxvirus infections rapidly. This study aimed to detect, diagnose, and characterize the causative agent of pox-like skin lesions in a cattle herd in Zambia, initially suspected to be infected with the Lumpy Skin Disease virus.Methods: We used a high resolution melting (HRM) analysis assay to detect the PCPV genome and sequenced the major envelope protein (B2L) gene for comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Our field investigations showed cattle presenting atypical skin lesions and high morbidity within the herd. The laboratory diagnosis based on an HRM assay revealed the PCPV genome in the samples. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses confirmed PCPV in the samples. They revealed genomic differences between samples collected in 2017 and 2018 from the same farm.Conclusion: Our work is the first documented report of PCPV in Zambia. It shows the strength of molecular methods to diagnose pox-like infections in cattle and discriminate between diseases causing similar clinical signs for better veterinary interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

First Detection and Molecular Characterisation of Pseudocowpox Virus in a Cattle Herd in Zambia

Ziba

Chitala

Settypalli³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The natural history of VACV and its transmission cycle is not known, but several wild and peri-domestic species of mammals have shown evidence of orthopoxvirus infection, including horses, coatis, opossums, monkeys and rodents, which could be involved in the maintenance of the virus in nature [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In South America, the first VACV outbreak of zoonotic origin was identified in Brazil in 1999 [17] and all documented VACV outbreaks on the continent since that year have been associated with dairy farms in Brazil [18][19][20][21] or Colombia [22]. During an outbreak, the virus is presumably spread throughout a farm by direct cow-to-cow contact or via milkers who develop lesions on their hands and spread the virus to others during milking.…”

Section: Page 2 Of 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colombia is more limited: they have occurred in the municipalities of Medina, Puerto Salgar (INS Personal Communications) and Valaparaíso [22]. Additionally, cow samples from the departments of Casanare and Santander have been found to be positive (INS Personal Communications).…”

Section: Information Concerning Reported Cases Of Vacv Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological niche modeling to determine potential niche of Vaccinia virus: a case only study

Quiner

Nakazawa

2017

Int J Health Geogr

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BackgroundEmerging and understudied pathogens often lack information that most commonly used analytical tools require, such as negative controls or baseline data; thus, new analytical strategies are needed to analyze transmission patterns and drivers of disease emergence. Zoonotic infections with Vaccinia virus (VACV) were first reported in Brazil in 1999, VACV is an emerging zoonotic Orthopoxvirus, which primarily infects dairy cattle and farmers in close contact with infected cows. Prospective studies of emerging pathogens could provide critical data that would inform public health planning and response to outbreaks. By using the location of 87-recorded outbreaks and publicly available bioclimatic data, we demonstrate one such approach. Using an ecological niche model (ENM) algorithm, we identify the environmental conditions under which VACV outbreaks have occurred, and determine additional locations in two affected countries that may be susceptible to transmission. Further, we show how suitability for the virus responds to different levels of various environmental factors and highlight the most important factors in determining its transmission.MethodsA literature review was performed and the geospatial coordinates of 87 molecularly confirmed VACV outbreaks in Brazil were identified. An ENM was generated using MaxENT software by combining principal component analysis results of 19 bioclim spatial layers, and 25 randomly selected subsets of the original list of 87 outbreaks.ResultsThe final ENM predicted all areas where Brazilian outbreaks occurred, one out of five of the Colombian outbreak regions and identified new regions within Brazil that are suitable for transmission based on bioclimatic factors. Further, the most important factors in determining transmission suitability are precipitation of the wettest quarter, annual precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest quarter and mean diurnal range.ConclusionThe analyses here provide a means by which to study patterns of an emerging infectious disease and identify regions that are potentially suitable for its transmission, in spite of the paucity of high-quality critical data. Policy and methods for the control of infectious diseases often use a reactionary model, addressing diseases only after significant impact on human health has ensued. The methodology used in the present work allows the identification of areas where disease is likely to appear, which could be used for directed intervention.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-017-0100-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Although there have been a number of studies using qPCR to detect or quantify poxvirus DNA particularly for diagnostic and epidemiologic purposes (Baker and Ward, 2014; Lamien et al, 2011; Nitsche et al, 2004; Olson et al, 2004; Orba et al, 2015; Usme-Ciro et al, 2017), we are unaware of reports on the use of ddPCR. Members of the poxvirus family contain a single double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 200,000 bp enclosed within the core of a complex enveloped particle (Moss, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet digital PCR for rapid enumeration of viral genomes and particles from cells and animals infected with orthopoxviruses

2017

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Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was adapted for quantifying the number of orthopoxviral genomes in purified virus samples, infected cell lysates and tissues of infected animals. In contrast to the more commonly used qPCR, the newer ddPCR provides absolute numbers of DNA copies in samples without need for standard curves and has the ability to detect rare mutants in a population. The genome/infectious unit ratio for several sucrose gradient-purified orthopoxviruses varied from 5 to 10, which correlated well with values obtained using the Virocyt, a dedicated fluorescence flow cytometer. By employing a nuclease step to digest unencapsulated DNA, the genome/infectious unit ratios of virus in crude cell lysates approached that of purified virus particles. The speed, accuracy, sensitivity, and dynamic range of less than one to millions of infectious units in a sample make this semi-automated method well suited to a variety of laboratory, animal and clinical studies.

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Zoonotic Poxviruses Circulating in the Amazon Region of Colombia, 2014

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

First Detection and Molecular Characterisation of Pseudocowpox Virus in a Cattle Herd in Zambia

First Detection and Molecular Characterisation of Pseudocowpox Virus in a Cattle Herd in Zambia

Ecological niche modeling to determine potential niche of Vaccinia virus: a case only study

Droplet digital PCR for rapid enumeration of viral genomes and particles from cells and animals infected with orthopoxviruses

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