Detection and quantification of EBV, HHV-6 and CMV DNA in the gastrointestinal tract of HIV-positive patients

Falasca, Francesca; Maida, Paola; Gaeta, Aurelia; Verzaro, S.; Mezzaroma, Ivano; Fantauzzi, Alessandra; Donato, Giuseppe; Bonci, Enea; Castilletti, Concetta; Antonelli, Guido; Turriziani, Ombretta

doi:10.1007/s15010-014-0690-5

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[47] HCMV reactivation occurs in patients with immunosuppression of diverse etiology [48,49] and in organ donors or recipients, [50] among others. In 18 HIV-positive dyspeptic patients, Falasca et al [51] found anti-HCMV IgG antibodies but in none of them, HCMV DNA was detected in antral biopsies. On the other hand, gastritis cases caused by HCMV have been reported in immunocompetent patients [52] and gastric cancer cases that have evolved from HCMV gastritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple infections by EBV, HCMV and Helicobacter pylori are highly frequent in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric cancer from Southwest Mexico

et al. 2019

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The chronic inflammation and damage to the gastric epithelium induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are the main risk factors for gastric cancer development. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induce chronic inflammation and have been found in gastric tumors. The objectives this observational study were to determine the frequency of multiple infections by Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and to relate the infection by EBV and HCMV with H. pylori vacA/cagA genotypes in patients with chronic gastritis or gastric cancer. DNA from H. pylori, EBV and HCMV was detected by PCR in biopsies from 106 Mexican patients with chronic gastritis and 32 from gastric cancer. The cagA status and the vacA genotypes of H. pylori were determined by PCR. In chronic gastritis and gastric cancer EBV was found in 69.8% and 87.5%, HCMV in 52.8% and 53.1%, and H. pylori in 48.1% and 40.6%, respectively. In chronic gastritis, 53% of H. pylori+ patients were EBV+ and 33% were both EBV+/HCMV+; in gastric cancer, 92.3% of H. pylori-infected individuals were EBV+ and 46.1% were EVB+/HCMV+. All the intestinal- and mixed-type tumors and the 83.3% of diffuse-type tumors were EBV+. No significant differences were found between single infections or coinfections with the diagnosis or the cancer type. The H. pylori genotypes were not related to EBV or HCMV infection. The frequency of dual infections by H. pylori, EBV and HCMV is higher in patients from southwest Mexico than other populations. It is likely that these pathogens act synergistically to induce inflammation and gastric cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple infections by EBV, HCMV and Helicobacter pylori are highly frequent in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric cancer from Southwest Mexico

et al. 2019

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“…Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) typically develops from a benign polyp, becomes an adenoma, and finally transforms into a carcinoma ( 134 ). One study detected HHV-6 in the GI tract of 63% of healthy individuals ( 135 ), whereas another study detected HHV-6 in 23% of liver transplant patients and 19% of immunocompetent patients ( 136 ). HHV-6 causes a range of GI symptoms, including diarrhea, colitis, and bacterial infection of the digestive tract ( 137 ), and an association between biliary complications and HHV-6 has been reported in many studies ( 136 , 138 ).…”

Section: Hhv-6 As the Sole Infectious Agent In Cancers: By System/sitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus 6 and Malignancy: A Review

et al. 2018

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In order to determine the role of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in human disease, several confounding factors, including methods of detection, types of controls, and the ubiquitous nature of the virus, must be considered. This is particularly problematic in the case of cancer, in which rates of detection vary greatly among studies. To determine what part, if any, HHV-6 plays in oncogenesis, a review of the literature was performed. There is evidence that HHV-6 is present in certain types of cancer; however, detection of the virus within tumor cells is insufficient for assigning a direct role of HHV-6 in tumorigenesis. Findings supportive of a causal role for a virus in cancer include presence of the virus in a large proportion of cases, presence of the virus in most tumor cells, and virus-induced in-vitro cell transformation. HHV-6, if not directly oncogenic, may act as a contributory factor that indirectly enhances tumor cell growth, in some cases by cooperation with other viruses. Another possibility is that HHV-6 may merely be an opportunistic virus that thrives in the immunodeficient tumor microenvironment. Although many studies have been carried out, it is still premature to definitively implicate HHV-6 in several human cancers. In some instances, evidence suggests that HHV-6 may cooperate with other viruses, including EBV, HPV, and HHV-8, in the development of cancer, and HHV-6 may have a role in such conditions as nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, glial tumors, and oral cancers. However, further studies will be required to determine the exact contributions of HHV-6 to tumorigenesis.

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“…Like other herpes viruses, HHV-6 establishes lifelong latency in the host and may reactivate under conditions of impaired immunity. 294 Most severe HHV-6 infections occur in markedly immunocompromised children or adults 294 including HCT [322][323][324][325] or SOT recipients [326][327][328][329] ; or those with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency disorders, 296,330 HIV, 312,331 or lymphomas or hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy. 293,324,332 Among HCT recipients, asymptomatic HHV-6 DNAemia is common (30-60%), 300,325,333,334 but the vast majority of infections are self-limited and do not require treatment.…”

Section: Reactivation Of Hhv-6 In Immunocompromised Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesvirus Respiratory Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes

Reid

Lynch

Weigt

et al. 2016

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Among immunocompromised individuals, members of the human Herpesviridae family are frequently encountered pathogens. Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6, -7, and -8 all establish latency after infection and can reactivate during periods of immunosuppression, leading to both direct and indirect adverse effects on the host including severe organ dysfunction as well as allograft rejection and loss after transplantation. While not all herpesviruses are primary respiratory pathogens, many of their manifestations include involvement of the respiratory tract. This article discusses the individual viruses, their epidemiology, and clinical manifestations as well as recommended treatment and preventive strategies.

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Detection and quantification of EBV, HHV-6 and CMV DNA in the gastrointestinal tract of HIV-positive patients

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Multiple infections by EBV, HCMV and Helicobacter pylori are highly frequent in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric cancer from Southwest Mexico

Multiple infections by EBV, HCMV and Helicobacter pylori are highly frequent in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric cancer from Southwest Mexico

Human Herpesvirus 6 and Malignancy: A Review

Herpesvirus Respiratory Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes

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