Detection, fate, and bioavailability of erythromycin in environmental matrices

Abstract

Analytical methods to improve the detection of erythromycin in water and sediment were developed to optimize for erythromycin's recovery of extractable and bound residues from the aquatic environment. Comparison of solid phase extraction (SPE) and sediment extraction methods were analyzed to determine optimal recovery of erythromycin from water and sediment. SPE methods examined included previously reported methods for macrolide and sulfonamide antibiotics with recoveries ranging from 75.5% to 94.7% for the various methods examined. Results indicated the best SPE method for the concentration of erythromycin from water was a method previously used to quantify tylosin published by Kolz et al. (2006) with 94.7% recovery. Extraction of erythromycin was performed from sand employing various solvents and buffers to determine the best methods for extraction of the compound from sediment. Two sandy loam pond sediments, one each from Iowa and Oklahoma, were examined in this study utilizing the best erythromycin extraction recoveries from sand. Various extraction times were also examined, and all extraction procedures were performed in duplicate. The greatest recovery of 14 C-erythromycin in the Iowa sediment using 0.3 M ammonium acetate at pH 4.2: acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) solution, using a 20minute shake or an 85-minute/ overnight settling followed by a 15-minute shake the following day, with recoveries of 84 ± 3.4%. While the Oklahoma sediment yielded the CHAPTER 3 FATE OF ERYTHROMYCIN IN SURFACE WATER MICROCOSMS, INCLUDING FRESH AND AGED SEDIMENT SYSTEMS

Biodegradation of Erythromycin with Environmental Microorganism Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3011

“…This is because erythromycin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria. 25 The bacteria Streptomyces rimosus R7 had intermediate resistance to the tested antibiotic, even though it is a Gram-positive bacteria as B. subtilis 3020. This is because it belongs to the genus of Streptomyces, which have the ability of producing antibiotics and probably have resistance genes for the same one.…”

Management of Macrolide Antibiotics (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin and Azithromycin) in the Environment: A Case Study of Environmental Pollution in Lithuania

“…In assessing the effluents of pharmaceutical residues to surface waters via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a wastewater treatment efficiency of 78.6% for AZI, 53.3% for ERY and 54% for CLA was accepted. The average rates were estimated on the scientific research base of target antibiotics already performed at WWTPs [22,[29][30][31][32]. The target macrolide antibiotics part that was removed from the effluents is considered in sludge.…”

“…The removal (Rj), excretion (Ej) factors and predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values were obtained from the literature and reported in Table 4. [29,22,30,31,32]; 3 [19,43,44].…”

A study on using modified Corchorus capsularis powder to remove macrolide group from water

“…In the world, there are several studies on using adsorbents from flora source to remove tetracycline, [8,9] trimethoprim, metronidazole [10,11] .… from aqueous solution. In Viet Nam, there is limited research on this research direction.…”