Detection, identification and differentiation of Pectobacterium and Dickeya species causing potato blackleg and tuber soft rot: a review

Abstract

The soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) Pectobacterium and Dickeya species (formerly classified as pectinolytic Erwinia spp.) cause important diseases on potato and other arable and horticultural crops. They may affect the growing potato plant causing blackleg and are responsible for tuber soft rot in storage thereby reducing yield and quality. Efficient and cost-effective detection and identification methods are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the SRE as well as in seed certification programmes. The aim of this review was to collect all existing information on methods available for SRE detection. The review reports on the sampling and preparation of plant material for testing and on over thirty methods to detect, identify and differentiate the soft rot and blackleg causing bacteria to species and subspecies level. These include methods based on biochemical characters, serology, molecular techniques which rely on DNA sequence amplification as well as several less-investigated ones.

Identification and genetic diversity of Jordanian potato soft rot isolates, Pectobacterium carotovorum subspecies carotovorum (DYE 1969)

“…However, the diagnosis of the disease is not always related to field inspection, so, it is important to detect the pathogen in seed potato tubers before distribution to farmers in order to prevent spreading the disease. Efficient, low cost detection and identification methods are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of soft rot Enterobacteriaceae as well as in seed certification programmes (Czajkowski et al, 2014). In a review by Czajkowski et al (2014), more than 30 methods have been employed to detect, identify and differentiate soft rot causal agents to species and subspecies levels; including biochemical characters, serology and molecular techniques.…”

“…Efficient, low cost detection and identification methods are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of soft rot Enterobacteriaceae as well as in seed certification programmes (Czajkowski et al, 2014). In a review by Czajkowski et al (2014), more than 30 methods have been employed to detect, identify and differentiate soft rot causal agents to species and subspecies levels; including biochemical characters, serology and molecular techniques. Within the past 30 years, there has been a shift from microbiological and serological methods to molecular approaches (PalacioBielsa et al, 2009;Czajkowiski et al, 2014).…”

Bacterial Infection Potato Tuber Soft Rot Disease Detection Based on Electronic Nose

“…Therefore, there is a good correlation between the smell of potatoes and its degree of damage. The potato disease can be detected firstly by its volatile gas concentration and thus, the disease degree can be recognized [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Stinson et al proposed a healthy recognition ability of the disease in potato by an electronic nose [16]; however, the technology required further research; DE Lacy Costello et al designed an electronic nose system, which could detect diseased potatoes within healthy potatoes [17]; however, https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2017-0044…”

Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Diagnosis of Potato Blackleg Caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum

“…Due to the lack of effective protocols for mass treatment, the main agro-technical approach is the rejection of infected plants. Given this, the detection of P. atrosepticum is essential to effectively protecting plants, especially seed potato [2][3][4] . Thus, diagnosing infection is very important to the production of uncontaminated potato seed tubers 3 .…”

“…Given this, the detection of P. atrosepticum is essential to effectively protecting plants, especially seed potato [2][3][4] . Thus, diagnosing infection is very important to the production of uncontaminated potato seed tubers 3 . Currently, various techniques are applied for to diagnose plant infection, including immunochemical, genetic and biochemical techniques [5][6][7][8] .…”