Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR

Corman, Victor M.; Landt, Olfert; Kaiser, Marco; Molenkamp, Richard; Meijer, Adam; Chu, Daniel K.W.; Bleicker, Tobias; Brünink, Sebastian; Schneider, Julia; Schmidt, Marie Luisa; Mulders, Daphne G.J.C.; Haagmans, Bart L.; Veer, Bas van der; Brink, Sharon van den; Wijsman, Lisa; Goderski, Gabriel; Romette, Jean Louis; Ellis, Joanna; Zambon, Maria; Peiris, Malik; Goossens, Herman; Reusken, Chantal; Koopmans, Marion; Drosten, Christian

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.2000045

Cited by 7,117 publications

(7,757 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…21 Since at least 15 medical staff in Wuhan have contracted the virus, 3 Singapore has provided full personal protective equipment for health-care workers; however, the results of our study suggest that community transmission will substantially contribute to transmission should local containment fail despite these measures. The main control measures at this time are surveillance, standard testing procedures, 36 and quarantine of individuals who are confirmed positive for the virus. Such measures have been used in the past for suspected cases of MERS-CoV, which has a 34•4% casefatality rate, 37 with no cases of MERS-CoV reported in Singapore to date, and for Zika virus, which established locally in 2016, with only ten cases reported in 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study

Koo

Cook

Park

et al. 2020

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

750

688

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Background Since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak began in the Chinese city of Wuhan on Dec 31, 2019, 68 imported cases and 175 locally acquired infections have been reported in Singapore. We aimed to investigate options for early intervention in Singapore should local containment (eg, preventing disease spread through contact tracing efforts) be unsuccessful. MethodsWe adapted an influenza epidemic simulation model to estimate the likelihood of human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a simulated Singaporean population. Using this model, we estimated the cumulative number of SARS-CoV-2 infections at 80 days, after detection of 100 cases of community transmission, under three infectivity scenarios (basic reproduction number [R 0 ] of 1•5, 2•0, or 2•5) and assuming 7·5% of infections are asymptomatic. We first ran the model assuming no intervention was in place (baseline scenario), and then assessed the effect of four intervention scenarios compared with a baseline scenario on the size and progression of the outbreak for each R 0 value. These scenarios included isolation measures for infected individuals and quarantining of family members (hereafter referred to as quarantine); quarantine plus school closure; quarantine plus workplace distancing; and quarantine, school closure, and workplace distancing (hereafter referred to as the combined intervention). We also did sensitivity analyses by altering the asymptomatic fraction of infections (22·7%, 30·0%, 40·0%, and 50·0%) to compare outbreak sizes under the same control measures.Findings For the baseline scenario, when R 0 was 1·5, the median cumulative number of infections at day 80 was 279 000 (IQR 245 000-320 000), corresponding to 7•4% (IQR 6·5-8·5) of the resident population of Singapore. The median number of infections increased with higher infectivity: 727 000 cases (670 000-776 000) when R 0 was 2·0, corresponding to 19•3% (17•8-20•6) of the Singaporean population, and 1 207 000 cases (1 164 000-1 249 000) when R 0 was 2·5, corresponding to 32% (30•9-33•1) of the Singaporean population. Compared with the baseline scenario, the combined intervention was the most effective, reducing the estimated median number of infections by 99•3% (IQR 92•6-99•9) when R 0 was 1·5, by 93·0% (81•5-99•7) when R 0 was 2·0, and by 78•2% (59·0 -94•4) when R 0 was 2·5. Assuming increasing asymptomatic fractions up to 50·0%, up to 277 000 infections were estimated to occur at day 80 with the combined intervention relative to 1800 for the baseline at R 0 of 1·5.Interpretation Implementing the combined intervention of quarantining infected individuals and their family members, workplace distancing, and school closure once community transmission has been detected could substantially reduce the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We therefore recommend immediate deployment of this strategy if local secondary transmission is confirmed within Singapore. However, quarantine and workplace distancing should be prioritised over school cl...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study

Koo

Cook

Park

et al. 2020

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

750

688

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…At 16 or 24 h post infection, 50 ml culture supernatant was subjected to viral RNA extraction using a viral RNA kit (Macherey-Nagel) according to the manufacturer's instructions. GE per ml were detected by real time RT-PCR using a previously reported protocol (Corman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Analysis Of Sars-2-s Expression and Particle Incorporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Hoffmann

Kleine-Weber

Schroeder

et al. 2020

Cell

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18,553

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“…On January 28, whilst in Rome, they simultaneously fell ill with respiratory symptoms and fever and were admitted the following day, on January 29, to the high level isolation unit at the Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute of Infectious Diseases, in Rome, Italy. nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from both patients were positive for SARS-COV2 infection when tested using the SARS-COV2 Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR (Corman et al, 2020). Both patients developed progressive respiratory failure on day 4 and clinical evidence of ARDS with mechanical ventilation support in intensive care unit was reported on day 6 in the male patient, and, after 12 h on day 7, in the female patient.…”

Section: Patient Details and Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 98%

2019-novel Coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: An uncommon radiological presentation

Albarello¹,

Pianura²,

Stefano³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

168

133

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Introduction: Several recent case reports have described common early chest imaging findings of lung pathology caused by 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV2) which appear to be similar to those seen previously in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected patients. Objective: We present some remarkable imaging findings of the first two patients identified in Italy with COVID-19 infection travelling from Wuhan, China. The follow-up with chest X-Rays and CT scans was also included, showing a progressive adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results: Moderate to severe progression of the lung infiltrates, with increasing percentage of high-density infiltrates sustained by a bilateral and multi-segmental extension of lung opacities, were seen. During the follow-up, apart from pleural effusions, a tubular and enlarged appearance of pulmonary vessels with a sudden caliber reduction was seen, mainly found in the dichotomic tracts, where the center of a new insurgent pulmonary lesion was seen. It could be an early alert radiological sign to predict initial lung deterioration. Another uncommon element was the presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with short-axis oval nodes. Conclusions: Although only two patients have been studied, these findings are consistent with the radiological pattern described in literature. Finally, the pulmonary vessels enlargement in areas where new lung infiltrates develop in the follow-up CT scan, could describe an early predictor radiological sign of lung impairment.

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Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR

Cited by 7,117 publications

References 18 publications

Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study

Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

2019-novel Coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: An uncommon radiological presentation

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