Detection of a gE-deleted Pseudorabies virus strain in an Italian red fox

Moreno, Ana; Chiapponi, Chiara; Sozzi, Enrica; Morelli, Alessandra; Silenzi, Valentina; Gobbi, Marco; Llombart‐Bosch, Antonio; Paniccià, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108666

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Despite progress in the control and elimination of AD in domestic pigs, there is continued evidence of infections in wild boar and hunting dogs, as reported by many studies conducted in Italy [ 2 , 3 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]). In addition, several other cases of AD were detected in non-natural hots such as foxes [ 15 , 16 ], wolf [ 17 ], captive brown bears [ 18 ], and cattle [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1950s, many cases of AD have been reported worldwide in species other than pigs and wild boar [ 14 ], all epidemiologically related to direct or indirect contacts with pigs/wild boar infected with a wild type of SuAHV-1. In Italy, only sporadic cases of AD have been reported in non-natural host, such as foxes [ 15 , 16 ], dogs [ 2 , 3 ], wolves [ 17 ], bears [ 18 ] and cattle [ 19 ]. Infection in non-natural hosts generally occurs by faecal-oral or aerosol routes but, given the high stability of SuAHV-1in the environment, indirect infection by exposure to infected fomites is also described [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection in non-natural hosts generally occurs by faecal-oral or aerosol routes but, given the high stability of SuAHV-1in the environment, indirect infection by exposure to infected fomites is also described [ 20 ]. Additionally, exposure to the modified live vaccines developed for pigs may cause disease in sheep [ 21 ], dogs [ 22 , 23 ] and foxes [ 16 ]. AD in non-natural hosts is sporadic, usually with a lethal outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieving Historical Cases of Aujeszky’s Disease in Sicily (Italy): Report of a Natural Outbreak Affecting Sheep, Goats, Dogs, Cats and Foxes and Considerations on Critical Issues and Perspectives in Light of the Recent EU Regulation 429/2016

et al. 2021

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Aujeszky’s disease is caused by Suid alphaherpesvirus 1, and its main reservoir host is the pig. However, other species are also susceptible. Infection with this virus causes a severe neurological clinical picture named Aujeszky’s disease, usually accompanied by itching and death a few days after the onset of symptoms. This study reports a multi-species outbreak of Aujeszky’s disease that occurred in Sicily, which led to the death of 2 goats, 15 sheep, 2 dogs, 2 cats and 2 foxes. The diagnosis was made by culture, indirect immunofluorescence on brain samples and confirmed by biological test on rabbits. This study reports the first cases of Aujeszky’s disease in Italy in cats, goat and sheep. The finding of Aujeszky’s disease in several species in Sicily suggests a potential epizootic risk. In such areas where a multi-host system is recognised, an analysis of the risk factors should be carried out in order to develop targeted strategies for the control and eradication of the disease. The critical issues that hinder the control of Aujeszky’s disease in the studied territory and perspectives for eradication in the light of EU regulation 429/2016 are also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieving Historical Cases of Aujeszky’s Disease in Sicily (Italy): Report of a Natural Outbreak Affecting Sheep, Goats, Dogs, Cats and Foxes and Considerations on Critical Issues and Perspectives in Light of the Recent EU Regulation 429/2016

et al. 2021

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“…Several cases of natural AD have been reported in wild carnivores including fourteen wild foxes [ 22 , 94 , 95 ], over 1200 captive foxes [ 96 ], about 8000 captive mink [ 97 ], one Iberian lynx [ 98 ], three wolves [ 99 ], three captive coyotes [ 100 ], four brown bears [ 101 ], one black bear [ 102 ], one Florida panther [ 23 ] and six raccoons [ 103 ]. Experimental studies were carried out in blue foxes [ 104 ] and three raccoons [ 103 ].…”

Section: Aujeszky’s Disease In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, fever, anorexia, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, vocalization and apathy are reported [ 22 , 96 ]. Macroscopically, except for alopecic skin [ 22 , 95 ] and in one case hemorrhagic gastritis and enteritis [ 94 ], gross lesions are absent. In twelve foxes PRV could be isolated from different brain regions [ 22 ].…”

Section: Aujeszky’s Disease In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathology of Pseudorabies in Different Naturally and Experimentally Infected Species—A Review

Sehl

Teifke

2020

Pathogens

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The pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus and the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease (AD). PRV infects a wide range of animal species including swine as the natural host as well as ruminants, carnivores, rodents and lagomorphs. In these species, except for the pig, PRV infection causes acute, severe disease, characterized by insatiable itching, and is always lethal. Horses, chickens and non-human primates have been shown to be largely resistant to PRV infection, while disease in humans is still controversial. PRV is a pantropic virus, which preferably invades neural tissue, but also infects epithelia of various organs, whereupon multisystemic lesions may result. Although AD is mainly associated with severe pruritus, also known as “mad itch”, there are notable differences regarding infection route, clinical signs, viral distribution and lesion patterns in different animal species. In this comprehensive review, we will present clinico-pathologic findings from different species, which have been either shown to be susceptible to PRV infection or have been tested experimentally.

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Current Status and Challenge of Pseudorabies Virus Infection in China

et al. 2021

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Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky’s disease, is a highly infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). Without specific host tropism, PRV can infect a wide variety of mammals, including pig, sheep, cattle, etc., thereby causing severe clinical symptoms and acute death. PRV was firstly reported in China in 1950s, while outbreaks of emerging PRV variants have been documented in partial regions since 2011, leading to significant economic losses in swine industry. Although scientists have been devoting to the design of diagnostic approaches and the development of vaccines during the past years, PR remains a vital infectious disease widely prevalent in Chinese pig industry. Especially, its potential threat to human health has also attracted the worldwide attention. In this review, we will provide a summary of current understanding of PRV in China, mainly focusing on PRV history, the existing diagnosis methods, PRV prevalence in pig population and other susceptible mammals, molecular characteristics, and the available vaccines against its infection. Additionally, promising agents including traditional Chinese herbal medicines and novel inhibitors that may be employed to treat this viral infection, are also discussed.

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Detection of a gE-deleted Pseudorabies virus strain in an Italian red fox

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Retrieving Historical Cases of Aujeszky’s Disease in Sicily (Italy): Report of a Natural Outbreak Affecting Sheep, Goats, Dogs, Cats and Foxes and Considerations on Critical Issues and Perspectives in Light of the Recent EU Regulation 429/2016

Retrieving Historical Cases of Aujeszky’s Disease in Sicily (Italy): Report of a Natural Outbreak Affecting Sheep, Goats, Dogs, Cats and Foxes and Considerations on Critical Issues and Perspectives in Light of the Recent EU Regulation 429/2016

Comparative Pathology of Pseudorabies in Different Naturally and Experimentally Infected Species—A Review

Current Status and Challenge of Pseudorabies Virus Infection in China

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