Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse

Abstract

A 10-year-old horse presented with two 3-cm diameter exophytic masses over the fetlock. Histology was consistent with a hyperplastic squamous papilloma and numerous cell changes consistent with papillomavirus (PV) infection were visible. Partial sequences of PV L1 and E1 ORFs were amplified using consensus PCR primers. The sequences were most similar to Equus caballus type 1 (EcPV1). However, as the sequences were only around 73% similar to EcPV1, they appear to be from a novel PV type that is likely to be within the Zetapapillomavirus genus. The papillomas were treated with topical imiquimod and resolved within 14 weeks. The clinical presentation of the papillomas in the present case had marked differences to the clinical presentation of EcPV-1-induced papillomas, which are typically small, numerous and around the face. Observations from the present case increase the clinical spectrum of PV-induced lesions in this species as well as providing evidence of an additional novel papillomavirus that is able to cause disease in horses.

Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 26: A Novel Papillomavirus of Dogs and the First Canine Papillomavirus within the Omegapapillomavirus Genus

“…DNA was extracted using a NucleoSpin DNA FFPE XS kit (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany) from a sample of formalin-fixed papilloma taken from the paraffin histology block. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified using the MY09/11, FAP59/64, and the CP4/5 consensus primers as previously described [ 25 ]. DNA extracted from a canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that contained CPV17 was used as a positive control for the reactions, while no template DNA was added to the negative controls.…”

Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Type (MfoiPV1) Associated with Acrochordon in a Stone Marten (Martes foina)

“…PVs have been found not only in mammals, but also in fish [ 19 ], birds [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and reptiles [ 23 , 24 ]. The most studied PVs in animals are from domestic hosts, including cattle [ 7 , 8 , 25 ], dogs [ 8 , 26 ], cats [ 8 , 27 , 28 ], horses [ 29 , 30 ], and sheep [ 31 , 32 ]. In addition to domestic animals, PVs have also been studied in various wildlife hosts, such as the ocelot [ 33 ], bottlenose dolphin [ 34 ], gray wolf [ 35 ], red fox [ 36 ], European badger [ 37 ], tree shrew [ 38 ], giant panda [ 39 ], roe and red deer [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], etc.…”