Detection of adenovirus outbreak at a municipal swimming pool by nested PCR amplification

Papapetropoulou, M.; Vantarakis, Apostolos

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(98)93414-4

Cited by 70 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that levels of indicator bacteria do not necessarily correlate with those of viruses, particularly when fecal indicator concentrations are low (Wyn-Jones et al, 2010). For example, adenovirus was reported in a swimming pool in Greece as the source of an adenovirus outbreak, while all bacteriological indicators tested were negative (Papapetropoulou and Vantarakis, 1998). This particular outbreak coincided with the loss of chlorine residual in the pool, thereby emphasizing the need to assure chlorinated pool waters to protect against not only possible bacterial agents of disease, but also viral agents.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach for virus detection and identification involves the use of traditional cell culture methods; shortcomings include unavailability of cell culture systems for all viruses, lengthy culture time, and lack of in vitro cytopathic effect in all viruses (Papapetropoulou and Vantarakis, 1998;Sellwood, 2001 Bosch et al, 2011). As stated, the viruses most frequently associated with recreational water-borne disease outbreaks are enterovirus (Coxsackie viruses, echoviruses and hepatitis A virus), adenovirus, and enteric virus (noroviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses 40 and 41).…”

Section: Detection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Sabino

Rodrigues

Costa

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Beaches worldwide provide recreational opportunities to hundreds of millions of people and serve as important components of coastal economies. Beach water is often monitored for microbiological quality to detect the presence of indicators of human sewage contamination so as to prevent public health outbreaks associated with water contact. However, growing evidence suggests that beach sand can harbor microbes harmful to human health, often in concentrations greater than the beach water. Currently, there are no standards for monitoring, sampling, analyzing, or managing beach sand quality. In addition to indicator microbes, growing evidence has identified pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi in a variety of beach sands worldwide. The public health threat associated with these populations through direct and indirect contact is unknown because so little research has been conducted relating to health outcomes associated with sand quality. In this manuscript, we present the consensus findings of a workshop of experts convened in Lisbon, Portugal to discuss the current state of knowledge on beach sand microbiological quality and to develop suggestions for standardizing the evaluation of sand at coastal beaches. The expert group at the "Microareias 2012" workshop recommends that 1) beach sand should be screened for a variety of pathogens harmful to human health, and sand monitoring should then be initiated alongside regular water monitoring; 2) sampling and analysis protocols should be standardized to allow proper comparisons among beach locations; and 3) further studies are needed to estimate human health risk with exposure to contaminated beach sand. Much of the manuscript is focused on research specific to Portugal, but similar results have been found elsewhere, and the findings have worldwide implications.

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Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Sabino

Rodrigues

Costa

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Adenoviruses are currently included in the contaminant candidate list of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Waterborne outbreaks caused by or associated with HAdVs (e.g., acute gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis) have been documented (mostly in recreational swimming pools) (35,37,50,54). Yet the occurrence of HAdVs in freshwater at recreational lake beaches has not been widely examined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Human Adenoviruses at Two Recreational Beaches of the Great Lakes

Xagoraraki¹,

Kuo²,

Wong³

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

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Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been related to several waterborne diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, and respiratory illness, and it has been shown that an important human exposure pathway is through recreational waters. However, HAdV occurrence at recreational freshwater beaches has not been previously investigated. In this study, a total of 58 water samples were collected from two recreational beaches on Lake Michigan (

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“…Enteric adenoviruses have greater environmental stability than other enteric viruses (10), so their presence in sewage and surface water makes them likely contaminants in public water supplies (24,25). Moreover, enteric adenoviruses and noroviruses were identified as two of the etiological agents causing acute gastroenteritis in a waterborne outbreak in Finland (31), and waterborne outbreaks of pharyngoconjunctivitis from swimming have been reported for nonenteric adenoviruses (13,37). Enteric adenoviruses are susceptible to chlorine (44) but are very resistant to UV light (45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%