Inactivation of Enteric Adenovirus and Feline Calicivirus by Chlorine Dioxide

Thurston-Enriquez, Jeanette A.; Haas, Charles N.; Jacangelo, Joseph G.; Gerba, Charles P.

doi:10.1128/aem.71.6.3100-3105.2005

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, research on human NoVs has been hampered by the lack of a suitable cell culture system or a small animal model (23,40). Therefore, studies of human NoV must rely on proper surrogates such as murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) (14,32,56,60). A recent study demonstrated that MNV was a more suitable surrogate than FCV (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inactivation of a Human Norovirus Surrogate by High-Pressure Processing: Effectiveness, Mechanism, and Potential Application in the Fresh Produce Industry

Lou¹,

Neetoo

Chen

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

122

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Fresh produce is often a high-risk food for norovirus contamination because it can become contaminated at both preharvest and postharvest stages and it undergoes minimal or no processing. Currently, there is no effective method to eliminate the viruses from fresh produce. This study systematically investigated the effectiveness of high-pressure processing (HPP) on inactivating murine norovirus (MNV-1), a surrogate for human norovirus, in aqueous medium and fresh produce. We demonstrated that MNV-1 was effectively inactivated by HPP. More than a 5-log-PFU/g reduction was achieved in all tested fresh produce when it was pressurized at 400 MPa for 2 min at 4°C. We found that pressure, pH, temperature, and food matrix affected the virus survival in foods. MNV-1 was more effectively inactivated at 4°C than at 20°C in both medium and fresh produce. MNV-1 was also more sensitive to HPP at neutral pH than at acidic pH. We further demonstrated that disruption of viral capsid structure, but not degradation of viral genomic RNA, is the primary mechanism of virus inactivation by HPP. However, HPP does not degrade viral capsid protein, and the pressurized capsid protein was still antigenic. Overall, HPP had a variable effect on the sensorial quality of fresh produce, depending on the pressure level and type of product. Taken together, HPP effectively inactivated a human norovirus surrogate in fresh produce with a minimal impact on food quality and thus can provide a novel intervention for processing fruits intended for frozen storage and related products such as purees, sauces, and juices.

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confidence: 99%

Inactivation of a Human Norovirus Surrogate by High-Pressure Processing: Effectiveness, Mechanism, and Potential Application in the Fresh Produce Industry

Lou¹,

Neetoo

Chen

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

122

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“…Inactivation kinetics of viruses upon treatment by various disinfectants, including UV, singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), free chlorine (FC), chloramines, and chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) have been studied in depth (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Even though these disinfectants have been used for decades or even centuries, we still lack a fundamental understanding of their mode of action.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subtle Differences in Virus Composition Affect Disinfection Kinetics and Mechanisms

Sigstam

Gannon

Cascella

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Currently, feline calicivirus (FCV), which is amenable to cell culture, has been considered one of the most appropriate surrogates for NoV, as this virus is located in the Vesivirus genus of the Caliciviridae family and thus is genetically similar to NoV (19). FCV has been widely utilized as a surrogate for NoV in a model of viral persistence during evaluation of water treatment efficiency (8,18,33,(44)(45)(46)(47) and natural virus reduction in water (1,26). However, FCV is a respiratory virus of felids (20), and unlike enteric viruses, it is susceptible to low pH and elevated temperature (10,40).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Murine Norovirus, Feline Calicivirus, Poliovirus, and MS2 as Surrogates for Human Norovirus in a Model of Viral Persistence in Surface Water and Groundwater

Bae

Schwab

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

323

255

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Human noroviruses (NoVs) are a significant cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with contaminated drinking water a potential transmission route. The absence of a cell culture infectivity model for NoV necessitates the use of molecular methods and/or viral surrogate models amenable to cell culture to predict NoV inactivation. The NoV surrogates murine NoV (MNV), feline calicivirus (FCV), poliovirus (PV), and male-specific coliphage MS2, in conjunction with Norwalk virus (NV), were spiked into surface water samples (n ‫؍‬ 9) and groundwater samples (n ‫؍‬ 6). Viral persistence was monitored at 25°C and 4°C by periodically analyzing virus infectivity (for all surrogate viruses) and nucleic acid (NA) for all tested viruses. FCV infectivity reduction rates were significantly higher than those of the other surrogate viruses. Infectivity reduction rates were significantly higher than NA reduction rates at 25°C (0.18 and 0.09 log 10 /day for FCV, 0.13 and 0.10 log 10 /day for PV, 0.12 and 0.06 log 10 /day for MS2, and 0.09 and 0.05 log 10 /day for MNV) but not significant at 4°C. According to a multiple linear regression model, the NV NA reduction rates (0.04 ؎ 0.01 log 10 /day) were not significantly different from the NA reduction rates of MS2 (0.05 ؎ 0.03 log 10 /day) and MNV (0.04 ؎ 0.03 log 10 /day) and were significantly different from those of FCV (0.08 ؎ 0.03 log 10 /day) and PV (0.09 ؎ 0.03 log 10 /day) at 25°C. In conclusion, MNV shows great promise as a human NoV surrogate due to its genetic similarity and environmental stability. FCV was much less stable and thus questionable as an adequate surrogate for human NoVs in surface water and groundwater.

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Inactivation of Enteric Adenovirus and Feline Calicivirus by Chlorine Dioxide

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) inactivation experiments were conducted with adenovirus type 40 (AD40) and feline calicivirus (FCV).

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Inactivation of a Human Norovirus Surrogate by High-Pressure Processing: Effectiveness, Mechanism, and Potential Application in the Fresh Produce Industry

Inactivation of a Human Norovirus Surrogate by High-Pressure Processing: Effectiveness, Mechanism, and Potential Application in the Fresh Produce Industry

Subtle Differences in Virus Composition Affect Disinfection Kinetics and Mechanisms

Evaluation of Murine Norovirus, Feline Calicivirus, Poliovirus, and MS2 as Surrogates for Human Norovirus in a Model of Viral Persistence in Surface Water and Groundwater

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