Detection of antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of influenza A virus allows distinction between vaccinated and infected horses

Ozaki, Hiroichi; Sugiura, Takeo; Sugita, Shigeo; Imagawa, Hiroshi; Kida, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00366-2

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although the NS1 protein is a weak antigen in comparison to other influenza virus proteins, but is remarkably conserved in type A influenza viruses (15,(23)(24)(25). Previous studies demonstrated that the NS1 protein could be de-tected in the sera of horses experimentally infected with the H3 subtype of influenza virus but not in the immune sera of animals immunized with inactivated viruses (16,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows the clear distinction between H3-vaccinated and H3-infected horses by using the NS1 protein as a differential marker (16,17). BirchMachin et al and Ozaki et al described an ELISA application that is capable to differentiate vaccine-induced AIV antibodies from infected-induced antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because most AIV vaccines are mostly chemically inactivated, vaccinated animals theoretically should not express humoral response to the NS1 protein, but infected poultries secret anti NS1 antibodies at high levels. This NS1 DIVA approach was first proposed for equine influenza viruses management, and purified NS1 protein was used to detect antibodies against NS1 in serum samples from ponies and horses experimentally infected with influenza virus (16,17). Serologic studies on chickens and turkeys using an ELISA with AIV NS1 protein produced in Escherichia coli as antigen indicated that infected birds showed higher levels of NS1 antibody as compared to vaccinated birds (12,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey on ELISA Based on anti Influenza A NS1 Antibodies to Differentiate the Infected and Vaccinated Poultries

Talazadeh

Mayahi

Seifi

et al. 2013

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: The Vaccination programs to control avian influenza (AI) infection in poultry, have limitations due to the difficulty in differentiating the vaccinated and naturally infected birds AI vaccination would bring greater global acceptance if a reliable test, which could clearly distinguish the naturally infected and vaccinated-only animals (DIVA), was available. Since the nonstructural protein (NS1) is expressed in influenza infected cells, and it is not presented as a virion, it could be a proper candidate for DIVA differential diagnostic test.Objectives: Vaccination programs for the control of avian influenza (AI) in poultry have limitations due to the problem of differentiating between vaccinated and virus-infected birds. The use of AI vaccination in poultry would have greater worldwide acceptance if a reliable test were available that clearly discriminated between naturally infected and vaccinated-only animals (DIVA). Because the nonstructural protein (NS1) is expressed in influenza virus–infected cells, and it is not packaged in the virion, it is an attractive candidate for a DIVA differential diagnostic test.Materials and Methods: A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) divided into three equal groups (1 to 3) .The chicks in group 1 were immunized with killed AIV H9N2. The chicks in group 2 were infected with AI virus subtype H9N2. The chicks in group 3 were kept as controls and did not receive any vaccined or lived virus. Chicks sera were collected at day 42 usingrNS1-ELISA and Commercial ELISA kit.Results: Designed ELISA test for detection of antibody against influenza NS1 could experimentally distinguish the chicks infected with AIV and chicks immunized with killed influenza viruswith93.3% sensitivity and 100 ℅specificity. 3 weeks after infection or vaccination, sera from all two treated groups were positively tested using commercial ELISA kit (IDEXX). In contrast, by NS1-ELISA, only infected groups sera were tested and the result was positive, and all sera samples from the vaccinated group were NS1-antibody titer were evaluated and the result were negative.Conclusions:: It was concluded that antibodies against AIV NS1 protein was only detected in the sera of chickens experimentally infected with AIV, not in the sera of chickens immunized with inactivated vaccine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey on ELISA Based on anti Influenza A NS1 Antibodies to Differentiate the Infected and Vaccinated Poultries

Talazadeh

Mayahi

Seifi

et al. 2013

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…An ELISA to detect antibody to the nonstructural protein NS1 has been developed [3,50]. As this protein is produced during an infection but is not incorporated into inactivated whole virus vaccines, it theoretically enables differentiation of antibody responses to infection from responses to vaccination with a traditional vaccine.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current perspectives on control of equine influenza

2004

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“…Because most AIV vaccines are primarily chemically inactivated whole virus, vaccinated animals theoretically should not have an antibody response to the NS1 protein, but infected poultry should have an NS1 antibody response because it is produced at high levels in infected cells. This NS1 DIVA approach was first proposed for equine influenza viruses, and purified NS1 protein has been used to detect antibodies against NS1 in serum samples from ponies and horses experimentally infected with influenza virus -Birch- Machin et al (1997) and Ozaki et al (2001). Serologic studies on chickens and turkeys using an ELISA with AIV NS1 protein produced in Escherichia coli as antigen indicated that infected birds showed higher levels of NS1 antibodies as compared to vaccinated birds - .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a commercial ELISA kit (IDEXX) to differentiate AI virus-infected poultry from AI-vaccinated poultry (DIVA)

Talazadeh

Mayahi

Seifi

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Detection of antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of influenza A virus allows distinction between vaccinated and infected horses

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Survey on ELISA Based on anti Influenza A NS1 Antibodies to Differentiate the Infected and Vaccinated Poultries

Survey on ELISA Based on anti Influenza A NS1 Antibodies to Differentiate the Infected and Vaccinated Poultries

Current perspectives on control of equine influenza

Evaluation of a commercial ELISA kit (IDEXX) to differentiate AI virus-infected poultry from AI-vaccinated poultry (DIVA)

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