Detection of avian encephalomyelitis virus in chickens in Japan using RT-PCR

Goto, Yusuke; Yaegashi, Gakuji; Kumagai, Yoshihiro; Ogasawara, Fusae; Goto, Makiko; Mase, Masaji

doi:10.1292/jvms.18-0550

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Picornaviruses are commonly identified infecting a variety of avian species in metagenomic studies. In the context of overt disease, notable avian picornaviruses include avian encephalomyelitis viruses in chickens, pheasants, and turkeys ( 80 ), duck hepatitis A in ducklings ( 81 ), and a novel poecivirus that has been identified strongly associated with avian keratin disorder (AKD) in Alaskan birds ( 82 ). We identified two novel picornaviruses in this study, Garigal virus and Cowan virus, the pathogenic potentials of which merit further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Virus Diversity in Urban Wild Birds with Paretic Disease

Chang

Eden

Hall

et al. 2020

J Virol

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Wild birds are major natural reservoirs and potential dispersers of a variety of infectious diseases. As such, it is important to determine the diversity of viruses they carry and use this information to help understand the potential risks of spill-over to humans, domestic animals, and other wildlife. We investigated the potential viral causes of paresis in long-standing, but undiagnosed, disease syndromes in wild Australian birds. RNA from diseased birds was extracted and pooled based on tissue type, host species and clinical manifestation for metagenomic sequencing. Using a bulk and unbiased meta-transcriptomic approach, combined with clinical investigation and histopathology, we identified a number of novel viruses from the families Astroviridae, Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Circoviridae in common urban wild birds including Australian magpies, magpie larks, pied currawongs, Australian ravens, and rainbow lorikeets. In each case the presence of the virus was confirmed by RT-PCR. These data revealed a number of candidate viral pathogens that may contribute to coronary, skeletal muscle, vascular and neuropathology in birds of the Corvidae and Artamidae families, and neuropathology in members of the Psittaculidae. The existence of such a diverse virome in urban avian species highlights the importance and challenges in elucidating the etiology and ecology of wildlife pathogens in urban environments. This information will be increasingly important for managing disease risks and conducting surveillance for potential viral threats to wildlife, livestock and human health. IMPORTANCE Wildlife naturally harbor a diverse array of infectious microorganisms and can be a source of novel diseases in domestic animals and human populations. Using unbiased RNA sequencing we identified highly diverse viruses in native birds from Australian urban environments presenting with paresis. This research included the clinical investigation and description of poorly understood recurring syndromes of unknown etiology: clenched claw syndrome, and black and white bird disease. As well as identifying a range of potentially disease-causing viral pathogens, this study describes methods that can effectively and efficiently characterize emergent disease syndromes in free ranging wildlife, and promotes further surveillance for specific pathogens of potential conservation and zoonotic concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Virus Diversity in Urban Wild Birds with Paretic Disease

Chang

Eden

Hall

et al. 2020

J Virol

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“…The AEV infection in poultry flocks caused severe economic losses in the poultry industry by increasing mortality and medication costs and decreasing egg production and hatchability [ 1 , 18 ]. The present cross-sectional study reported an overall 70.18% of Sonali parents’ chickens of Bogura district positive for AEV-specific antibodies during the laying period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report on the seroprevalence of avian encephalomyelitis virus antibody in Sonali (cross-bred) chickens in Bogura, Bangladesh

Ali¹,

Shaon²,

Moula³

et al. 2021

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objectives: The study intended to detect the presence and distribution of avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV)-specific antibodies in Sonali (cross-bred) parent chickens regarding farm location, flock size, and age in Bogura district of Bangladesh, a Sonali chicken belt. Materials and methods: A total of 275 Sonali parent chickens’ blood samples were collected randomly from 39 flocks during laying age with a healthy and non-vaccination history against AEV. Blood samples were collected aseptically from the wing veins of chickens using 3-ml syringes and sera were separated. Then, the sera were transferred to the laboratory by maintaining a cool chain. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the specific antibodies against AEV present in the sera samples. Results: Overall, 70.18% of the chickens were found seropositive for AEV antibodies. Based on the location, the highest seropositivity was recorded in Bogura Sadar [91.30%, confidence intervals (CI) 79.21%–97.58%], and the lowest was in the Adomdighi sub-district (45.45%, CI 29.49%–63.08%). For flock size, AEV seropositivity was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in the large flock (82.22%, CI 72.74%–89.48%). Regarding age groups, the seropositivity of AEV was significantly ( p < 0.05) increased with chickens’ age. Higher seropositivity was noted in chickens aged >51 weeks (89.32%, CI 81.69%–94.55%). Conclusion: The results indicate that AEV is circulating in the environment, and chickens were exposed to the field strain of AEV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on AEV in chickens in Bangladesh. Proper vaccination and standard farm biosecurity practice could minimize AEV infection in chickens. A detailed epidemiology study, detection, and characterization of the AEV would be essential for effective AEV infection control.

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“…Picornaviruses are commonly identified infecting a variety of avian species in metagenomic studies. In the context of overt disease, notable avian picornaviruses include avian encephalomyelitis viruses in chickens, pheasants, turkeys (77), duck hepatitis A in ducklings (78), and a novel poecivirus that has been identified strongly associated with Avian keratin disorder (AKD) in Alaskan birds (79, 80). We identified two novel picornaviruses in this study - black and white bird picornavirus and a lorikeet hepatovirus - the pathogenic potential of which merits further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-transcriptomic analysis of virus diversity in urban wild birds with paretic disease

Chang

Eden

Hall

et al. 2020

Preprint

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29Wild birds are major natural reservoirs and potential dispersers of a variety of infectious 30 diseases. As such, it is important to determine the diversity of viruses they carry and use this 31 information to help understand the potential risks of spill-over to humans, domestic animals, and 32 other wildlife. We investigated the potential viral causes of paresis in long-standing, but 33 undiagnosed disease syndromes in wild Australian birds. RNA from diseased birds was extracted 34 and pooled based on tissue type, host species and clinical manifestation for metagenomic 35 sequencing. Using a bulk and unbiased meta-transcriptomic approach, combined with careful 36 clinical investigation and histopathology, we identified a number of novel viruses from the 37 families Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, 38 Flaviviridae, and Circoviridae in common urban wild birds including Australian magpies, 39 magpie lark, pied currawongs, Australian ravens, and rainbow lorikeets. In each case the 40 presence of the virus was confirmed by RT-PCR. These data revealed a number of candidate 41 viral pathogens that may contribute to coronary, skeletal muscle, vascular and neuropathology in 42 birds of the Corvidae and Artamidae families, and neuropathology in members of the 43 Psittaculidae. The existence of such a diverse virome in urban avian species highlights the 44 importance and challenges in elucidating the etiology and ecology of wildlife pathogens in urban 45 environments. This information will be increasingly important for managing disease risks and 46 conducting surveillance for potential viral threats to wildlife, livestock and human health. More 47

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Detection of avian encephalomyelitis virus in chickens in Japan using RT-PCR

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Virus Diversity in Urban Wild Birds with Paretic Disease

Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Virus Diversity in Urban Wild Birds with Paretic Disease

First report on the seroprevalence of avian encephalomyelitis virus antibody in Sonali (cross-bred) chickens in Bogura, Bangladesh

Meta-transcriptomic analysis of virus diversity in urban wild birds with paretic disease

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