Detection of bacterial contamination and<scp>DNA</scp>quantification in stored blood units in 2 veterinary hospital blood banks

Stefanetti, Valentina; Miglio, Arianna; Cappelli, Katia; Capomaccio, Stefano; Sgariglia, Elisa; Marenzoni, Maria Luisa; Antognoni, Maria Teresa; Coletti, Mauro; Mangili, V.; Passamonti, Fabrizio

doi:10.1111/vcp.12372

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…and Pseudomona spp. have been described in feline WB and pRBC units using open collection systems, and one pRBC unit collected with a semi-closed system was tested positive to Pseudomonas fluorescens after color changes were noted [ 60 , 61 ]. Moreover, two studies performed blood cultures in feline pRBC collected with open systems, testing 10 feline pRBC at day 32 of storage in one study and 6 units at day 42 of storage on the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro quality control analysis after processing and during storage of feline packed red blood cells units

et al. 2018

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BackgroundDuring the storage of packed red blood cells (pRBC), packed cell volume (PCV), bacterial contamination and percentage of haemolysis [percentage of free haemoglobin (HGB) in relation to the total HGB] are important quality parameters. Both PCV and haemolysis are indicators of the cellular integrity of stored units. There are no published experimental studies that evaluated these parameters during storage of feline pRBC using SAGM (adenine, dextrose, mannitol and sodium chloride) as the additive solution. The present study aims to (1) evaluate the quality of feline pRBCs stored in SAGM; (2) test for the semi-closed system’s suitability for use and risk of bacterial contamination; (3) establish the maximum storage time that may be appropriate to meet the criteria established by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) guidelines for human blood banking; and (4) evaluate the need to calculate the percentage of haemolysis prior to the administration of units stored for more than 4 weeks.Four hundred eighty nine feline pRBC units were analyzed. Bacterial culture, PCV and percentage of haemolysis were determined within 6 h after processing (t0). One hundred and eighty units were re-tested for haemolysis and PCV after 29–35 days of storage (t1) and 118 units after 36–42 days (t2).ResultsBacterial contamination was not detected in any pRBC unit. Mean PCV at t0 was 52.25% (SD: ±5.27) and decreased significantly (p < 0.001) during storage to 48.15% (SD: ±3.79) at t1 and to 49.34% (SD: ±4.45) at t2. Mean percentage of haemolysis at t0 was 0.07% (SD: ±0.06) and increased significantly (p < 0.001) to 0.69% (SD: ±0.40) at t1 and to 0.81% (SD: ±0.47) at t2. In addition, 13.88% and 19.49% of pRBC units exceeded 1% haemolysis at t1 and t2, respectively.ConclusionsAccording to the US-FDA guidelines for human blood banking that recommend a maximum of 1% haemolysis, the results of this study show that all feline pRBC units with less than 24 h of shelf life have low levels of haemolysis. However, units preserved up to 28 days can only be administered if tested for haemolysis before use, since 13.88% units exceeded the 1% limit. The semi-closed system was considered safe for use as bacterial contamination was not detected in any pRBC unit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no units showed signs of bacterial growth (e.g. dark purple to black or green discoloration) or visible signs of clotting or fibrin in the blood bag at any time during storage, although the absence of these indicators does not preclude de possibility of bacterial contamination [ 61 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro quality control analysis after processing and during storage of feline packed red blood cells units

et al. 2018

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“…According to Brecher and Hay (2005), the contamination of blood bags may originate from normal skin flora, since it is very difficult to totally disinfect human skin and make it aseptic, being even more difficult in domestic animals (Stefanetti et al, 2016). In addition, the donor asymptomatic bacteremia at the time of donation or infections during the incubation or convalescence period, which are not reported by the custodian during the clinical screening, may also be the cause of contamination (Fonseca et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality control in the different stages of producing red blood cell concentrate from dogs

Marchi

Luz²,

Martins

et al. 2019

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The objective of this study was to perform a quality control assessment of red blood cells after standardization of the blood production stages. For this purpose, separation of the blood components to obtain red blood cells, the storage of the blood packets and an evaluation of blood quality were performed. The mean (± SD) volume, globular volume, hemoglobin and hemolysis percentage of the red blood cell concentrate were 299.77±30.08mL, 60.87±2.60%, 20.57±0.93g/DL and 0.09±0.07%, respectively. The means (± SD) of the volume, globular volume, total hemoglobin percentage of hemolysis and hemoglobin per unit of packed red blood cells after the storage period (8.83±6.73 days) were 57.55±3.01%, 20.30±0.89 0, 20±0.12%, and 60.90±7.65. The red blood cell packets were within the parameters of quality control established by Health Ministry legislation in humans and allow us to conclude that the standardization of blood production stages involves the selection of donors until the end of storage and is necessary to produce quality red blood cells. Quality control aims to find possible flaws in the procedures to be repaired, increasing transfusion safety.

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“…In our study, no marked visible color change, hemolysis, or clots were noted in any WB unit (either those administered to recipients or those not transfused) or in any segments during the period of storages. In our previous study, we showed that the bacterial load associated with a color change in blood bags during their shelf lives ranged from 1.18 × 10 7 to 5.22 × 10 8 GE/mL, suggesting that a gross color change can be observed with this extent of bacterial contamination. However, a color change is not always evident when contamination occurs, and this method is not sufficiently sensitive to detect contaminants present in lower quantities …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 80% of transfusion‐associated sepsis involves psychrophilic bacteria capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures, including the Gram‐negative contaminants Pseudomonas spp. and Serratia spp., which have been implicated in blood bag contamination . A study has shown that when blood units were inoculated with 1–10 cfu/mL of S. liquefaciens and stored at 4°C, concentrations of 10 9 cfu/mL were reached after 14 days in storage .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stored Canine Whole Blood Units: What is the Real Risk of Bacterial Contamination?

Miglio

Stefanetti

Antognoni

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundBacterial contamination of whole blood (WB) units can result in transfusion‐transmitted infection, but the extent of the risk has not been established and may be underestimated in veterinary medicine.ObjectivesTo detect, quantify, and identify bacterial microorganisms in 49 canine WB units during their shelf life.AnimalsForty‐nine healthy adult dogs.MethodsForty‐nine WB units were included in the study. Immediately after collection, 8 sterile samples from the tube segment line of each unit were aseptically collected and tested for bacterial contamination on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 of storage. A qPCR assay was performed on days 0, 21, and 35 to identify and quantify any bacterial DNA.ResultsOn bacterial culture, 47/49 blood units were negative at all time points tested, 1 unit was positive for Enterococcus spp. on days 0 and 1, and 1 was positive for Escherichia coli on day 35. On qPCR assay, 26 of 49 blood units were positive on at least 1 time point and the bacterial loads of the sequences detected (Propionobacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Caulobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., Serratia spp., and Leucobacter spp.) were <80 genome equivalents (GE)/μL.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost of the organisms detected were common bacteria, not usually implicated in septic transfusion reactions. The very low number of GE detected constitutes an acceptable risk of bacterial contamination, indicating that WB units have a good sanitary shelf life during commercial storage.

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Detection of bacterial contamination andDNAquantification in stored blood units in 2 veterinary hospital blood banks

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

In vitro quality control analysis after processing and during storage of feline packed red blood cells units

In vitro quality control analysis after processing and during storage of feline packed red blood cells units

Quality control in the different stages of producing red blood cell concentrate from dogs

Stored Canine Whole Blood Units: What is the Real Risk of Bacterial Contamination?

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