Detection of binary-toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB) among Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in Poland

Pituch, Hanna; Rupnik, Maja; Obuch-Woszczatyński, Piotr; Grubesic, Ana; Meisel-Mikołajczyk, F; Łuczak, M.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.45799-0

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Earlier studies have reported a prevalence of CDT of up to 12% (14,40,42), but more recent studies have reported higher numbers consistent with the dissemination of ribotype 027/NAP1 (15,34). Whether this is associated with changes in severity of disease is unclear, although CDT-containing strains have been reported to be associated with more serious disease (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated from Patients in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated from Patients in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Up to 2 % of C. difficile produce only binary toxin and 4-12 % of C. difficile isolates are positive for the toxin Stubbs et al, 2000). The prevalence of binary toxin genes in both toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. difficile strains has been reported from various countries, such as the USA (0.2 %) , Spain (4.5 %) (Alonso et al, 2005) and Poland (8.6 %) (Pituch et al, 2005). During a hospital outbreak of CDI in Pittsburgh, USA, up to 65 % of the clinically recovered C. difficile isolates had binary toxin genes (McEllistrem et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and molecular types of Clostridium difficile isolates from faecal specimens of patients in a tertiary care centre

Vaishnavi

Singh

Mahmood

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) leads to considerable morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Faecal specimens from 1110 hospitalized patients suspected for CDI were cultured for isolation of C. difficile and characterization of virulence genes. PCR was carried out for toxigenic genes tcdA, tcdB, cdtA and cdtB and PCR-RFLP for fliC and slpA genes. Of 174 (15.7 %) C. difficile isolates, 121 (69.5 %) were toxigenic, amongst which 68 (56.2 %) also had both tcdA and tcdB genes. The remaining 53 (43.8 %) of the isolates also had at least one of the toxin genes. Binary toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB) with only one of the two components were present in 16 (9.2 %) of the 174 isolates. The other virulence genes -fliC and slpA -were present in 100 % of the isolates. The most frequent PCR-RFLP type of fliC gene was type I (n5101), followed by type VII (n549) and type III (n524). The slpA gene presented with three combinations of patterns. Characterization of virulence genes in C. difficile isolates is of extreme importance for epidemiological surveillance and control of outbreaks owing to the capacity of this bacterium to adapt to new environmental circumstances, leading to the emergence of new epidemic strains.

show abstract

“…Genes encoding TcdA, an enterotoxin, and TcdB, a cytotoxin, are both located within the pathogenicity locus and are both diverse, while the binary toxin CDT is located elsewhere on the chromosome. Most strains synthesize only TcdA and less frequently TcdB, but some of these also synthesize CDT, whose role in the disease symptoms is still unclear (52,55). In the diagnosis and typing of C. difficile, culture techniques are seldom used, which may result in underestimating the detection of this organism (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the diagnosis and typing of C. difficile, culture techniques are seldom used, which may result in underestimating the detection of this organism (19). Instead, several immunological (2,8,65,66) and PCR-based methods, including those directed at identifying and in some cases quantifying the tcdA and tcdB genes and the cdtA and cdtB genes, encoding TcdA and TcdB or CDT, respectively, in stool samples, have been described (6,22,38,52).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suggestions are that as many as 300,000 patients suffer from C. difficile-associated disease each year in the United States (68). Pathogenesis is associated with several toxins produced by toxigenic strains of C. difficile (22,52,55). Genes encoding TcdA, an enterotoxin, and TcdB, a cytotoxin, are both located within the pathogenicity locus and are both diverse, while the binary toxin CDT is located elsewhere on the chromosome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Mosaic Nature of Intergenic 16S-23S rRNA Spacer Regions Suggests rRNA Operon Copy Number Variation in Clostridium difficile Strains

Sadeghifard

Gürtler

Beer

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium difficile is a major spore-forming environmental pathogen that causes serious health problems in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. Consequently, reliable and sensitive methods for typing individual strains are required for epidemiological and environmental studies. Ribotyping is generally considered the best method, but it fails to account for sequence diversity which might exist in intergenic 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions (ISRs) within and among strains of this organism. Therefore, this study was undertaken to compare the sequence of each individual ISR in five strains of C. difficile to explore the extent of this diversity and see whether such information might provide the basis for more sensitive and discriminatory strain typing methods. After targeted PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing, the diversity of the ISRs was used as a measure of rRNA operon copy number. In C. difficile strains 630, ATCC 43593, A, and B, 11, 11, 7, and 8 ISR length variants, respectively, were found (containing different combinations of sequence groups [i to xiii]), suggesting 11, 11, 7, and 8 rrn copies in the respective strains. Many ISRs of the same length differed markedly in their sequences, and some of these were restricted in occurrence to a single strain. Most of these ISRs did not contain any tRNA genes, and only single copies of the tRNA Ala gene were found in those that did. The presence of ISR sequence groups (i to xiii) varied between strains, with some found in one, two, three, four, or all five strains. We conclude that the intergenic 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions showed a high degree of diversity, not only among the rrn operons in different strains and different rrn copies in a single strain but also among ISRs of the same length. It appears that C. difficile ISRs vary more at the inter-and intragenic levels than those of other species as determined by empirical comparison of sequences. The precise characterization of these sequences has demonstrated a high level of mosaic sequence block rearrangements that are present or absent in multiple strain-variable rrn copies within and between five different strains of C. difficile.

show abstract

Detection of binary-toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB) among Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in Poland

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated from Patients in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006

Characterization of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated from Patients in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006

Prevalence and molecular types of Clostridium difficile isolates from faecal specimens of patients in a tertiary care centre

The Mosaic Nature of Intergenic 16S-23S rRNA Spacer Regions Suggests rRNA Operon Copy Number Variation in Clostridium difficile Strains

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About