Detection of Biofilm Forming Bacterial Communities from Urinary Catheter of Patients with Change in Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Triclosan Effect from Different Hospitals of Amravati City Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.

The Role of Bacterial Biofilms in Infections and Effective Prevention Strategies for Biofilm Formation in Urinary Catheters

“…Biofilm production is a complicated microbiological process which is a major pathogenic event in the infection. It involves a sequence of steps, including irreversible attachment, accumulation, and maturation (Alves et al, 2014;Tiwari & Ghnawate, 2017). When the bacterial colonies attach to surfaces, the bacterial cells upregulate genes which are specific for adhesion.…”

“…When the bacterial colonies attach to surfaces, the bacterial cells upregulate genes which are specific for adhesion. Further, bacteria itself secrete a sticky gum like material for anchorage called as extracellular substances (Sayal et al, 2014;Tiwari & Ghnawate, 2017;Wijesinghe et al, 2019). Also, the bacteria populate by multiplying rapidly and spreading along the surface within the EPS of the biofilm.…”

“…Also, the bacteria populate by multiplying rapidly and spreading along the surface within the EPS of the biofilm. Some of the bacteria detach from the surface and again become into planktonic form and then attach to a new colonised surface (Tiwari & Ghnawate, 2017). This phenomenon helps the metastasis process of biofilm.…”

“…Staphylococcal polysaccharide, Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate, streptococcal and lactobacilli glucans and fructans are well known examples for biofilm-associated EPS. Biofilm is composed of small percentage of bacteria compare to EPS which occupies a large portion of biofilm (Tiwari & Ghnawate, 2017). EPS binds the bacteria together in a sticky web of twisted EPS fibers.…”

“…EPS and the accompanying weblike structure are known as extra cellular matrix or biofilm matrix. Bacterial colonies are found within the biofilm matrix (Tiwari & Ghnawate, 2017). Physical and the physiological properties of biofilm are determined by the EPS and the bacterial cells respectively (Murugan et al, 2016).…”