Detection of carbon monoxide in ambient air with a piezoelectric crystal

Ho, Ming-Tzu; Guilbault, George G.; Scheide, Eugene P.

doi:10.1021/ac00249a019

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) are the most commonly used BAW sensors [ 149 ]. A CO sensing layer is coated on piezoelectric materials to generate tiny mass change through CO oxidation [ 150 , 151 ] or CO absorption [ 152 ], which alters the vibrational frequency of the piezoelectric materials in succession. The change of vibrational frequency (Hz),

, can be calculated as when the constants are determined for quartz [ 153 ]:

where

is the mass of the coating materials (g),

is the oscillation frequency of the quartz (MHz), and

is the coating area (cm 2 ).…”

Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change of vibrational frequency (Hz),

, can be calculated as when the constants are determined for quartz [ 153 ]:

where

is the mass of the coating materials (g),

is the oscillation frequency of the quartz (MHz), and

is the coating area (cm 2 ). When the piezoelectric material has an oscillation frequency at the MHz level, QCM sensors are highly sensitive in CO measurements with high mass sensitivity [ 151 ].…”

Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensors using noble metals coatings exploit the heat generated from CO oxidation to increase the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric materials [ 154 ]. QCM sensors fabricated with HgO or Ag 2 O coatings utilize their reactions with CO at an elevated temperature to deposit a layer of mercury or silver metal on the surface of the microbalances [ 150 , 151 ]. The metal–organic complex coatings can directly absorb CO from ambient air and change the mass of the microbalances [ 152 , 155 , 156 ].…”

Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the piezoelectric material has an oscillation frequency at the MHz level, QCM sensors are highly sensitive in CO measurements with high mass sensitivity [151]. The reported CO sensing coatings in QCM sensors include noble metals (platinum, palladium, and platinum-iridium alloy) [154], volatile metal oxides (HgO and Ag 2 O) [150,151], and various metal-organic complexes, such as the zinc crptand22 ligand complex [152], palladium acetamide complex [155], and nickel phthalocyanine complex [156]. Sensors using noble metals coatings exploit the heat generated from CO oxidation to increase the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric materials [154].…”

Section: Acoustic Wave Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Dang

Wang

Atiyeh

2021

Sensors

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Syngas fermentation is a promising technique to produce biofuels using syngas obtained through gasified biomass and other carbonaceous materials or collected from industrial CO-rich off-gases. The primary components of syngas, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), are converted to alcohols and other chemicals through an anaerobic fermentation process by acetogenic bacteria. Dissolved CO and H2 concentrations in fermentation media are among the most important parameters for successful and stable operation. However, the difficulties in timely and precise dissolved CO and H2 measurements hinder the industrial-scale commercialization of this technique. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of available dissolved CO and H2 measurement methods, focusing on their detection mechanisms, CO and H2 cross interference and operations in syngas fermentation process. This paper further discusses potential novel methods by providing a critical review of gas phase CO and H2 detection methods with regard to their capability to be modified for measuring dissolved CO and H2 in syngas fermentation conditions.

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, can be calculated as when the constants are determined for quartz [ 153 ]:

where

is the mass of the coating materials (g),

is the oscillation frequency of the quartz (MHz), and

is the coating area (cm 2 ).…”

Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change of vibrational frequency (Hz),

, can be calculated as when the constants are determined for quartz [ 153 ]:

where

is the mass of the coating materials (g),

is the oscillation frequency of the quartz (MHz), and

Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acoustic Wave Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Dang

Wang

Atiyeh

2021

Sensors

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“…Sensors for carbon monoxide, based on quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), have already been reported. 1,2 They were either based on the reaction of CO with HgO, and consequent production of mercury vapour that amalgamates on the gold electrodes of the piezoelectric crystal, 1 or they took advantage of the temperature coefficient of the crystal. 2 The first sensor has the drawback of a continuous mercury background, while the latter was also sensitive to inflammable gases, like H 2 or isobutane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a methodology for the determination of carbon monoxide using a quartz crystal microbalance

Gomes¹,

Sérgio²,

Nogueira³

et al. 1999

Analyst

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Starting from a method published in the literature for the determination of CO by a quartz crystal microbalance, important changes were made in order to solve the principal analytical problems found, as well to simplify the analytical procedure in order to become a general methodology. The new methodology allows quantitative determination of both CO and CO 2 . Sensitivity for CO is governed by its conversion to CO 2 by silver oxide, which depends on the dimension of the Ag 2 O column percolated by the gas. Detection limit for CO, using a crystal coated with tetramethylammonium fluoride with an amount corresponding to a frequency decrease of 18.7 kHz was 7.7 mL, and for CO 2 a detection limit of 19.2 mL was found, using a crystal with a coating amount that produced a frequency decrease of 13.6 kHz. A sample of the exhaust gas of a car was analysed and the results compared with the ones obtained by non-dispersive infrared spectrometry.

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Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

Cammann¹,

Roß²,

Katerkamp³

et al. 2001

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction to the Field of Sensors and Actuators 2. Chemical Sensors 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Molecular Recognition Processes and Corresponding Selectivities 2.2.1. Catalytic Processes in Calorimetric Devices 2.2.2. Reactions at Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces Influencing Surface or Bulk Conductivities 2.2.3. Selective Ion Conductivities in Solid‐State Materials 2.2.4. Selective Adsorption ‐ Distribution and Supramolecular Chemistry at Interfaces 2.2.5. Selective Charge‐Transfer Processes at Ion‐Selective Electrodes (Potentiometry) 2.2.6. Selective Electrochemical Reactions at Working Electrodes (Voltammetry and Amperometry) 2.2.7. Molecular Recognition Processes Based on Molecular Biological Principles 2.3. Transducers for Molecular Recognition: Processes and Sensitivities 2.3.1. Electrochemical Sensors 2.3.1.1. Self‐Indicating Potentiometric Electrodes 2.3.1.2. Voltammetric and Amperometric Cells 2.3.1.3. Conductance Devices 2.3.1.4. Ion‐Selective Field‐Effect Transistors (ISFETs) 2.3.2. Optical Sensors 2.3.2.1. Fiber‐Optical Sensors 2.3.2.2. Integrated Optical Chemical and Biochemical Sensors 2.3.2.3. Surface Plasmon Resonance 2.3.2.4. Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy 2.3.3. Mass‐Sensitive Devices 2.3.3.1. Introduction 2.3.3.2. Fundamental Principles and Basic Types of Transducers 2.3.3.3. Theoretical Background 2.3.3.4. Technical Considerations 2.3.3.5. Specific Applications 2.3.3.6. Conclusions and Outlook 2.3.4. Calorimetric Devices 2.4. Problems Associated with Chemical Sensors 2.5. Multisensor Arrays, Electronic Noses, and Tongues 3. Biochemical Sensors (Biosensors) 3.1. Definitions, General Construction, and Classification 3.2. Biocatalytic (Metabolic) Sensors 3.2.1. Monoenzyme Sensors 3.2.2. Multienzyme Sensors 3.2.3. Enzyme Sensors for Inhibitors ‐ Toxic Effect Sensors 3.2.4. Biosensors Utilizing Intact Biological Receptors 3.3. Affinity Sensors ‐ Immuno‐Probes 3.3.1. Direct‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes without Marker Molecules 3.3.2. Indirect‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes using Marker Molecules 3.4. Whole‐Cell Biosensors 3.5. Problems and Future Prospects 4. Actuators and Instrumentation 5. Future Trends and Outlook

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Detection of carbon monoxide in ambient air with a piezoelectric crystal

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Development of a methodology for the determination of carbon monoxide using a quartz crystal microbalance

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

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