Detection of Cavitation Phenomena in Reciprocating Pumps using a High‐Speed Camera

Opitz, Karsten; Schlücker, Eberhard

doi:10.1002/ceat.201000204

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The valve-seat lift volume is the zone where flow cavitation is initiated (Opitz & Schlücker, 2010). Figure 2 shows the section of the pump taken on the symmetry plane.…”

Section: Experimental Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each test of Figure The plunger stroke in all of the tests was 0.204 m. Figure 3 represents the suction stroke only; the delivery stroke, which is not discussed in this paper, was carried out slowly and only to reposition the plunger to the TDC position again, ready for the next test. The acceleration and velocity were designed to achieve the incipient, partial and full cavitation regimes (Iannetti, Stickland, & Dempster, 2015;Opitz & Schlücker, 2010;Opitz, Schlücker, & Schade, 2011).…”

Section: Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Test 3 involved the highest plunger speed and was designed to achieve the full cavitating condition (for details, see Opitz & Schlücker, 2010). For this test, the CFD simulations were run four times with 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 15 ppm of air mass fraction to shed light on the sensitivity of the CFD model solution to the air content in the water.…”

Section: Test 3: Full Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A CFD and experimental study on cavitation in positive displacement pumps: Benefits and drawbacks of the ‘full’ cavitation model

Iannetti

Stickland

Dempster

2015

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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To fill the gap in the literature in terms of numerical studies of positive displacement (PD) pumps in a cavitating condition, a comprehensive and transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a PD pump, simulating the cavitation arising during the suction stroke, was created. The 'full' cavitation model was utilized to study its capability on PD pump cavitation. A set of three plunger speeds were simulated. Using the highest plunger speed, an assessment was made of the effect of 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 15 parts per million (ppm) of air mass fraction on pump performance and cavitation. An experimental test rig, replicating the CFD model, was designed and built in order to validate the numerical model and find its weaknesses. CFD modeled, in a consistent way, the fluid dynamics phenomena related to cavitation (the chamber pressure approaching the vapor pressure, the vaporization/condensation and the pressure spike occurrence at the end of the suction stroke marking the end of cavitation). On the other hand the CFD pressure trends calculated appeared stretched along the time axis with respect to the experimental data, and this highlighted issues in the multiphase and cavitation models: the vaporization/condensation rate calculated by CFD did not follow the real dynamics correctly because the non-condensable gas expansion was overestimated. This was seen when comparing the CFD/experimental results where the simulated pressure drop gradient at the beginning of the suction stroke and the pressure peaks as the valve closed exhibited a delay in their occurrence. The simulation results were sensitive to the dissolved air mass fraction as the delay depended on the amount of air dissolved in the water. Although the influence of the air mass fraction was considered consistent, the 3 ppm CFD case was the closest to the experimental results, whereas the analyst expected the 15 ppm case to be more accurate. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The valve-seat lift volume is the zone where flow cavitation is initiated (Opitz & Schlücker, 2010). Figure 2 shows the section of the pump taken on the symmetry plane.…”

Section: Experimental Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test 3: Full Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A CFD and experimental study on cavitation in positive displacement pumps: Benefits and drawbacks of the ‘full’ cavitation model

Iannetti

Stickland

Dempster

2015

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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show abstract

“…Many authors such as Karsten Opitz [8] agree on the partitioning of the cavitation types into incipient (referred to as marginal cavitation), partial and full cavitation. They are characterized by different features as described in [8] and it is of crucial importance, for the designer, to know which cavitating condition the pump being designed will operate in.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are characterized by different features as described in [8] and it is of crucial importance, for the designer, to know which cavitating condition the pump being designed will operate in. In the case of incipient or marginal cavitation, for instance, it is understood [1] that the number of bubbles and their distribution do not seem to be harmful to the pump and, avoiding any operating condition in this range, would result in a uneconomical device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CFD Study on the Mechanisms Which Cause Cavitation in Positive Displacement Reciprocating Pumps

Iannetti¹,

Stickland²,

Dempster³

2015

JHE

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A transient multiphase CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model was set up to investigate the main causes which lead to cavitation in PD (positive displacement) reciprocating pumps. Many authors agree on distinguishing two different types of cavitation affecting PD pumps: flow induced cavitation and cavitation due to expansion. The flow induced cavitation affects the zones of high fluid velocity and consequent low static pressure e.g. the valve-seat volume gap while the cavitation due to expansion can be detected in zones where the decompression effects are important e.g. in the vicinity of the plunger. This second factor is a distinctive feature of PD pumps since other devices such as centrifugal pumps are only affected by the flow induced type. Unlike what has been published in the technical literature to date, where analysis of positive displacement pumps are based exclusively on experimental or analytic methods, the work presented in this paper is based entirely on a CFD approach, it discusses the appearance and the dynamics of these two phenomena throughout an entire pumping cycle pointing out the potential of CFD techniques in studying the causes of cavitation and assessing the consequent loss of performance in positive displacement pumps.

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High‐Speed Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Turbulent Pipe Flows for Verification of a Fluid‐Dynamic Cavitation Model

Opitz¹,

Engel²,

Koegler³

et al. 2012

Chem Eng & Technol

Self Cite

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The design of reciprocating pumps for the chemical industry requires a detailed knowledge of the apparent phenomena such as undesirable pipe pulsation and harmful cavitation. Since the detailed understanding of the entire mechanism is rather limited, emphasis will be put on the verification of a fluid-dynamic cavitation model for reciprocating positive displacement pumps. This model was established by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements carried out at a repetition rate of 2 kHz. The PIV results indicate that the fluid-dynamic cavitation model corresponds with the physical reality. While common practice dictates that cavitation should be prevented at all times, the proposed model offers a great opportunity for manufacturers to predict a limit for the extent of occurring cavitation.Cavitation is one of the main causes of damage to piping elements and hydraulic machinery. Cavitation itself is the process of nucleation in a liquid when the pressure falls below saturated vapor pressure. Due to different generation and growth mechanisms, depending on the pressure level, the classification of cavitation types is deemed to be useful. Therefore, cavita-

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Detection of Cavitation Phenomena in Reciprocating Pumps using a High‐Speed Camera

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

A CFD and experimental study on cavitation in positive displacement pumps: Benefits and drawbacks of the ‘full’ cavitation model

A CFD and experimental study on cavitation in positive displacement pumps: Benefits and drawbacks of the ‘full’ cavitation model

A CFD Study on the Mechanisms Which Cause Cavitation in Positive Displacement Reciprocating Pumps

High‐Speed Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Turbulent Pipe Flows for Verification of a Fluid‐Dynamic Cavitation Model

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