Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in clinical laboratories in Europe—a comparative study

Manser, M.; Granlund, Margareta; Edwards, Hanna; Saez, Agatha C; Petersen, Eskild; Evengård, Birgitta; Chiodini, Peter L.

doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12297

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in most clinical and microbiological laboratories in Spain [46], although RLFIA is rapidly gaining acceptance as diagnostic tool due to simplicity of use and short test time. However, it is important to bear in mind that the diagnostic performance of RLFIA may be hampered by sensitivity [47], specificity [48], and reproducibility [49] issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diversity and frequency of the diarrheagenic enteric protozoan Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in a hospital setting in Northern Spain

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHuman giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis are caused by the enteric protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Both pathogens are major contributors to the global burden of diarrhoeal disease, affecting primarily children and immunodebilitated individuals in resource-poor settings. Giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis also represent an important, often underestimate, public health threat in developed countries. In Spain only limited information is currently available on the epidemiology of these infections. Molecular data on the diversity, frequency, geographical distribution, and seasonality of G. duodenalis assemblages/sub-assemblages and Cryptosporidium species/sub-genotypes are particularly scarce.MethodsA longitudinal molecular epidemiological survey was conducted between July 2015 to September 2016 in patients referred to or attended at the Hospital San Pedro (La Rioja, Northern Spain) that tested positive for G. duodenalis (N = 106) or Cryptosporidium spp. (N = 103) by direct microscopy and/or a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. G. duodenalis infections were subsequently confirmed by real-time PCR and positive isolates assessed by multi-locus sequence genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes of the parasite. Cryptosporidium species and sub-genotypes were investigated at the 60 kDa glycoprotein or the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of the parasite. Sociodemographic and clinical parameters of infected patients were also gathered and analysed.Principal findingsOut of 90 G. duodenalis-positive isolates by real-time PCR a total of 16 isolates were successfully typed. AII (44%, 7/16) was the most prevalent sub-assemblage found, followed by BIV (31%, 5/16) and BIII (19%, 3/16). A discordant genotype result AII/AIII was identified in an additional (6%, 1/16) isolate. No mixed infections A+B were detected. Similarly, a total of 81 Cryptosporidium spp. isolates were successfully typed, revealing the presence of C. hominis (81%, 66/81) and C. parvum (19%, 15/81). Obtained GP60 sequences were assigned to sub-type families Ib (73%, 59/81) within C. hominis, and IIa (7%, 6/81) and IId (2%, 2/81) within C. parvum. A marked inter-annual variation in Cryptosporidium cases was observed.ConclusionsHuman giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are commonly identified in patients seeking medical care in Northern Spain and represent a more important health concern than initially thought. Assemblage A within G. duodenalis and sub-genotype IbA10G2 within C. hominis were the genetic variants of these parasite species more frequently found circulating in the population under study. Molecular data presented here seem to suggest that G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium infections arise through anthroponotic rather than zoonotic transmission in this Spanish region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diversity and frequency of the diarrheagenic enteric protozoan Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in a hospital setting in Northern Spain

et al. 2017

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“…were identified (C. bovis and C. ryanae) with a prevalence of 4.2% and infection was more in juvenile than adult animals, but the difference was not significant. The mean intensity of infection ranged between 5 and 225 oocysts/g [153].There are several reports of cryptosporidiosis from Europe [152,154,155], which should be consulted for detailed information.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Bamaiyi

Redhuan

2016

Asian Biomedicine

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Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the important parasitic diarrheal agent Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidiosis occurs in all classes of animals and man with a rapidly expanding host range and increased importance since the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in man. Objectives: To review the global picture of cryptosporidiosis in man and animals with emphasis on prevalence and risk factors. Methods: Current relevant literature on cryptosporidiosis was reviewed. Results: Cryptosporidiosis is widely distributed and the risk factors vary from one region to another with hygiene and immune status as important risk factors. Conclusions: Cryptosporidium spp. associated mortality has not only been reported in immune-compromised patients, but also in immune-competent patients. Yet in many countries not much attention is paid to the control and prevention of this infection in animals and man. The neglect of this disease despite the serious threat it poses to animals, their husbandry, and humans, has led the World Health Organization to list it among globally neglected diseases. To control and prevent this infection more effort needs to be directed at controlling the risk factors of the infection in man and animals.

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“…The routine microscopy method used in Sweden and in this study referred to as the routine method is similar to routine methods described in other studies in Europe [24,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of routine microscopic and molecular detection of parasitic protozoa in SAF-fixed faecal samples in Sweden

Ögren

Dienus

Matussek

2019

Infectious Diseases

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Background: Nucleic acid-based methods are increasingly used for screening of gastrointestinal parasites. Microscopy is still used and Swedish routine protocol consists of formalin ethyl-acetate concentration and do not include screening for trophozoites or Cryptosporidium spp. This study aimed to compare detection with the Swedish routine microscopy method to an extended method that includes screening for trophozoites and Cryptosporidium. Furthermore, we also developed a method for DNA recovery from SAF-fixed faecal samples and compared the real-time PCR detection of Giardia intestinalis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar from SAF-fixed and unpreserved faecal samples. PCR results were then compared with microscopy results. Methods: SAF-fixed and unpreserved faecal samples from 1000 patients at the Clinical microbiology laboratory in Region J€ onk€ oping County, Sweden, were included. Samples were analysed with routine formalin ethyl-acetate concentration, wet mounts from both concentrated and unconcentrated samples, Ziehl-Neelsen staining on patients with certain symptoms and real-time PCR. Results: We found a significant higher detection rate of parasites with the extended microscopy method compared to the Swedish routine microscopy method when SAF-fixed samples were used. The detection rate with real-time PCR in SAF-fixed samples was equal to the detection rate in unpreserved samples. There was no significant difference in detection comparing extended microscopy and real-time PCR. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that the extended microscopy method increased detection of intestinal protozoa with detection of both trophozoites and Cryptosporidium spp. We also showed that SAF-fixative can be used for detection of parasite-DNA with real-time PCR.

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Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in clinical laboratories in Europe—a comparative study

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular diversity and frequency of the diarrheagenic enteric protozoan Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in a hospital setting in Northern Spain

Molecular diversity and frequency of the diarrheagenic enteric protozoan Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in a hospital setting in Northern Spain

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Optimization of routine microscopic and molecular detection of parasitic protozoa in SAF-fixed faecal samples in Sweden

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