Detection of diamonds in kimberlite by the tagged neutron method

Aleхakhin, V.Yu.; Bystritsky, V. M.; Zamyatin, N. I.; Zubarev, E.; Krasnoperov, A.; Rapatsky, V.; Rogov, Yu. N.; Sadovsky, A.; Salamatin, A. V.; Salmin, R. A.; Sapozhnikov, M. G.; Slepnev, V. M.; Khabarov, S.; Razinkov, E. A.; Tarasov, O.G.; Nikitin, G. M.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.049

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In an early proof-of-principle paper Beyerle et al 11 obtained 2D projections for different materials (water and table salt), hence showing some of the most important capabilities of this technique. Since then, API has found many uses in different areas of research and industry including detection of illicit drugs 12 , explosives 13 , special nuclear material (SNM) 14 , diamond search 15 , and space exploration 16 , among many other applications. Fast scintillators, fast electronics, and highresolution position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes have recently enabled both sub-nanosecond time resolution and submillimeter position resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An all-digital associated particle imaging system for the 3D determination of isotopic distributions

Unzueta

Ludewigt

Mak

et al. 2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Associated particle imaging (API) is a non-destructive nuclear technique for the 3D determination of isotopic distributions. By detecting the alpha particle associated with the emitted neutron in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction with a position and time resolving detector, the direction of the 14.1 MeV neutron and its time of emission can be determined. Employing this method, isotope characteristic gamma rays emitted in inelastic neutron scattering events can be correlated with the neutron interaction location. An API system consisting of a sealed-type neutron generator, gamma detectors, and a position-sensitive alpha detector was designed, constructed, and characterized. The system was tested with common soil elements and shown to be sensitive to 12 C, 16 O, 28 Si, 27 Al, and 56 Fe. We present a description of the system with simulations and experimental results indicating a lateral (X-Y) resolution of 2 to 4 cm and a depth (Z) resolution of 6.2 cm for measurements performed with a lanthanum bromide gamma-ray detector. Additionally, we present single-element gamma response measurements for the elements mentioned above together with a comparison to Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP6). D + T → α (3.5 MeV) + n (14.1 MeV) 99.96% (1)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An all-digital associated particle imaging system for the 3D determination of isotopic distributions

Unzueta

Ludewigt

Mak

et al. 2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…State-of-the-art nuclear physics methodologies and instrumentation, combined with commercial availability of portable pulse neutron generators, high-efficiency gamma detectors, reliable electronics, and measurement and data processing software, have currently made the application of neutron-gamma analysis possible for routine measurements in various fields of study. For these reasons, material analysis using characteristic gamma rays induced by neutrons is more wide-spread today; e.g., threat material detection (explosives, drugs, and dangerous chemicals [1]), diamond detection [2], planetary science applications for obtaining bulk elemental composition information, soil elemental (isotopic) content and density distribution [3], archaeological site surveying and provenance studies [4,5], elemental composition of human [6,7] and animal [8,9] bodies, real-time elemental analysis of bulk coal on conveyor belts [10,11], chloride content of reinforced concrete [12,13], and in oil well logging [14].…”

Section: System Evolution and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although radioisotope sources are widely used in neutrongamma analysis [23][24][25][26], the use of a neutron generator is preferred (from a radiation safety point of view) since no radiation is produced when the generator is turned "off." Furthermore, the availability of pulse neutron generators has significantly expanded the possibilities of this method [1,2,11,27]. …”

Section: Neutron Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron-Stimulated Gamma Ray Analysis of Soil

Kavetskiy¹,

Yakubova²,

Torbert³

2017

New Insights on Gamma Rays

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This chapter describes technical aspects of neutron-stimulated gamma ray analysis of soil carbon. The introduction covers general principles, different modifications of neutron-gamma analysis, measurement system configuration, and advantages of this method for soil carbon analysis. Problems with neutron-gamma technology in soil carbon analysis and methods of investigations including Monte-Carlo simulation of neutron interaction with soil elements are discussed further. Based on the investigation results, a method of extracting the "soil carbon net peak" from the raw acquired data was developed. The direct proportional dependency between the carbon net peak area and average carbon weight percent in the upper 10 cm soil layer for any carbon depth profile was shown. Calibration of the measurement system using sand-carbon pits and field measurements of soil carbon are described. Measurement results compared to chemical analysis (dry combustion) data demonstrated good agreement between the two methods. Thus, neutron-stimulated gamma ray analysis can be used for in situ determination of near-surface soil carbon content and is applicable for precision geospatial mapping of soil carbon.

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“…API therefore allows the measurement of elemental distributions in a All authors are with the Accelerator Technology & Applied Physics Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; e-mail: apersaud@lbl.gov target region. Current applications of API include the detection of explosives [2], illicit drugs [3], special nuclear material [4], and diamonds [5]. We are interested in applying API techniques in an agricultural context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Center-of-Mass Corrections in Associated Particle Imaging

Egan¹,

Amsellem²,

Klyde³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Associated Particle Imaging utilizes the inelastic scattering of neutrons produced in deuterium-tritium fusion reactions to obtain 3D isotopic distributions within an object. The locations of the inelastic scattering centers are calculated by measuring the arrival time and the position of the associated particle, the alpha particle in the fusion reaction, and the arrival time of the prompt gamma created in the scattering event.While the neutron and its associated particle move in opposite directions in the center-of-mass (COM) system, in the laboratory system the angle is slightly less than 180 degrees, and the COM movement must be taken into account in the reconstruction of the scattering location. Furthermore, due to energy loss of ions in the target, the fusion reactions are produced by ions of different energies, and thus the COM velocity varies, resulting in an uncertainty in the reconstructed positions. In this paper, we analyze the COM corrections to this reconstruction by simulating the energy loss of beam ions in the target material and identifying sources of uncertainty in these corrections. We show that an average COM velocity can be used in the reconstruction and discuss errors as a function of ion beam energy, composition, and alpha detection location. When accounting for the COM effect, the mean of the reconstructed locations can be considered a systematic error leading to shift/tilt in the reconstruction. However, the distribution of reconstructed locations also have a spread that will introduce an error in the reconstruction that cannot be corrected. In this paper, we will use the known stopping powers of ions in materials and reaction cross-sections to examine this effect.

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Detection of diamonds in kimberlite by the tagged neutron method

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

An all-digital associated particle imaging system for the 3D determination of isotopic distributions

An all-digital associated particle imaging system for the 3D determination of isotopic distributions

Neutron-Stimulated Gamma Ray Analysis of Soil

Center-of-Mass Corrections in Associated Particle Imaging

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