Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cysts and seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and camels in Maiduguri Abattoir

Yakubu, R. A.; Nock, Ishaya Haruna; Ndams, I. S.; Luka, Sodangi Abdulkarim; Yaro, Clement Ameh; Alkazmi, Luay; Batiha, Gaber El‐Saber

doi:10.1007/s12639-022-01508-z

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The occurrence of hydatid cysts in Pakistan was determined in the current study to be 14.4% through post-mortem examination, and 19.7% when screened through the ELISA, similar to the 21% prevalence reported previously in cattle and buffalo from Punjab, India [51]. The increase in the detection rate of ELISA relative to the post-mortem between the current study and Yakubu et al [43] can be explained by two complementary factors. Firstly, a known limitation of post-mortem lies in the lower detection probability for small developing cysts, possibly occurring more frequently when overall infection rate is higher in a population, as in [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Here, we identified and successfully deployed a potential candidate antigen, the iEg67 kDa crude antigen (from cystic fluid collected from buffalo liver) in a sero-diagnostic assay (Ab-detection ELISA) for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and buffalo with much improved sensitivity and specificity. This antigen showed highly promising results as a candidate for ELISA kit development, and similar to previous studies (e.g., [43,44]) was more accurate than post-mortem examination, with very high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (93.8%) (Table 4). We also observed a 130 kDa band, possibly a dimer of iEg67 kDa, consistent with the previously reported dimerisation of Echinococcus antigens [45,46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The increase in the detection rate of ELISA relative to the post-mortem between the current study and Yakubu et al [43] can be explained by two complementary factors. Firstly, a known limitation of post-mortem lies in the lower detection probability for small developing cysts, possibly occurring more frequently when overall infection rate is higher in a population, as in [43]. Secondly, our ELISA approach (IgG Detection ELISA) did not allow us to differentiate between present and past infections, likely leading to the detection of recovered animals that would have remained undetected in PMs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

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IEg67 kDa Bovine Hydatid Cyst Antigen: A Candidate for Developing Sero-Diagnostic Assays for Cystic Echinococcosis, a Disease of One Health Importance

Cable

Younus

Rashid

et al. 2023

Animals

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Cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) is a world-wide zoonotic disease of mainly humans, livestock and dogs, caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The disease can negatively impact food production and animal welfare and causes socio-economic hardship. Here, we aimed to identify the local bovine hydatid cyst fluid (BHCF) antigen for developing a sero-diagnostic assay to be used for the pre-slaughter screening of food animals. In total, 264 bovines approved for slaughter in Pakistan were subjected to serum collection and post-mortem screening for hydatid cysts. These cysts were assessed microscopically to assess fertility and viability, and by PCR for molecular confirmation of species. A BHCF antigen was identified from positive sera via SDS-PAGE, confirmed by Western blot, and quantified via a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. The quantified crude BHCF antigen (iEg67 kDa) was then used in ELISA screening to test all sera collected from known positive and negative animals based on hydatid cyst presence/absence. Of the 264 bovines examined, 38 (14.4%) showed hydatid cysts during post-mortem examination. All of these individuals, plus an additional 14 (total: 52; 19.6%) tested positive based on less time-consuming ELISA examination. Based on ELISA, occurrence in females (18.8%) was significantly higher than in males (9.2%) and was higher in cattle (19.5%) compared to buffalo (9.5%). The infection rate increased with age in both host species: cumulatively, 3.6% in animals aged 2–3 years, 14.6% in 4–5-year-olds and 25.6% in 6–7-year-olds. The occurrence of cysts in cattle was significantly higher in the lungs (14.1%) compared to their livers (5.5%), whereas the opposite was true in buffalo (6.6% livers, 2.9% lungs). For both host species, most cysts in the lungs were fertile (65%), while the majority in the liver were sterile (71.4%). We conclude that the identified iEg67 kDa antigen is a strong candidate for the development of a sero-diagnostic screening assay for the pre-slaughter diagnosis of hydatidosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

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IEg67 kDa Bovine Hydatid Cyst Antigen: A Candidate for Developing Sero-Diagnostic Assays for Cystic Echinococcosis, a Disease of One Health Importance

Cable

Younus

Rashid

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Hydatid cysts were also discovered from 35.2% (233/661) and 30.82% (135/438) of camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) slaughtered in 5 different regions of Iran [ 1 , 9 ]. The overall prevalence rate of hydatidosis in another study conducted on 304 camels in Nigeria was 14.14% [ 45 ]. In a recent study conducted in Egypt on 152 slaughtered dromedary camels, the prevalence of hydatidosis was 21.7% and the highest infection rate observed in lungs was 87.87%, while it was 9% in livers [ 22 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At abattoirs, echinococcosis is always detected incidentally in camels [ 19 , 22 , 42 , 45 ]. To the authors’ knowledge, this report shows first case of antemortem diagnosis of hydatidosis in a female dromedary camel with hepatic cystic lesions using ultrasonography.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic verification of hepatic hydatidosis in a female dromedary camel: a case report

THARWAT,

EL MOGHAZY,

OIKAWA

2023

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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This report describes for the first time, the antemortem diagnosis of hydatidosis in dromedary camel based on the WHO informal working groups on echinococcosis guidelines of echinococcosis classification. The case was admitted at the University Veterinary Hospital, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, with a history of progressive weight loss and decreased appetite for the past 4 months. Alterations in hematobiochemical parameters included leukopenia, neutropenia, decreased hematocrit percent, red blood cells count and hemoglobin concentration, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperglycemia and azotemia. Ultrasonographically, multiple cysts were imaged within the hepatic tissue containing anechoic fluid and fibrin tags. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of a cyst revealed a clear non-turbid fluid. Ultrasonographic diagnostic is recommended for the work-up of cystic lesions of camel liver suspected to be due to Echinococcus granulosus .

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Sero-immunological Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis: Comparison and Evaluation of Diagnostic Performances of Six Hydatid Cyst Antigens

Draz,

Bayoumi,

Shaapan

et al. 2025

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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YSTIC echinococcosis (CE) is a cyclozoonotic parasitic infection of worldwide distribution particularly in in developing countries and rural communities. Serological and immunological assays are useful for both for the initial diagnosis of infection in humans and animals as well as improving the quality of disease management. This study compares and assesses the efficacy of various hydatid cyst antigens for the accurate immunological diagnosis of CE in both humans and camels. Outer layer (Ol.C) germinal layer (Gl.C) fluid (Fl.C) and protoscolices (Ps.C) antigens prepared from camel hydatid cyst. In addition, fluid (Fl.H) and protoscolices (Ps.H) prepared from human hydatid cyst aspirate. All six-antigen types investigated as immunodiagnostic tools in human and camel hydatidosis using ELISA, SDS-PAGE and western blot assays. ELISA showed higher binding reactivity by protoscolices antigens (Ps.C and Ps.H) followed by fluid antigens (Fl.C and Fl.H), while outer and germinal layer antigens (Ol.C and Gl.C) give the lower activates. Ps.C antigen exhibiting higher sensitivity (100%), than Ps.H antigen (84.6 and 85.3%) against both positive camels and human sera. The sero-prevalence of Cystic echinococcosis was 59.78% and 43.65% in examined camel and human sera, respectively using the diagnostic Ps.C antigen. According to SDS-PAGE, all six hydatid cyst antigens demonstrated significant electrophoretic similarity, particularly in three bands of 42, 36, and 22 kDa, Using immunoblotting techniques, all separated antigens identified a sharing in two common bands with the same molecular weights of 42 a and 22 kDa. The obtained results concluded that camel and human hydatid cyst protoscolices antigens are introduced in this investigation as an effective diagnostic antigen and new immune-reactive fractions of 42 and 22 kDa for the diagnosis of hydatidosis in humans and camels.

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Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cysts and seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and camels in Maiduguri Abattoir

Cited by 4 publications

References 73 publications

IEg67 kDa Bovine Hydatid Cyst Antigen: A Candidate for Developing Sero-Diagnostic Assays for Cystic Echinococcosis, a Disease of One Health Importance

IEg67 kDa Bovine Hydatid Cyst Antigen: A Candidate for Developing Sero-Diagnostic Assays for Cystic Echinococcosis, a Disease of One Health Importance

Ultrasonographic verification of hepatic hydatidosis in a female dromedary camel: a case report

Sero-immunological Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis: Comparison and Evaluation of Diagnostic Performances of Six Hydatid Cyst Antigens

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