Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Family from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Patients

Abstract

Background: Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs) are betalactamase capable of conferring bacterial resistance to the first, second and third-generation Cephalosporin's but these are inhibited by lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. The ESBLs are typically plasmidmediated enzymes, mostly produced by E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Enterobacteriaceae family. ESBLs enzymes were discovered in Germany in 1983 from Klebsiella pneumonia. ESBL-producing gram negative bacteria have been responsible for numerous outbreaks of infection throughout the several counties and region challenging infection control issues. Different phenotypic test for ESBL detection have been developed, which are easy to use and cost effective. Materials and Methods: In this study, 10 Urine samples were collected from Government Hospital, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu. Collected clinical samples were isolated and identified by standard microbiological method. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disc-diffusion method. The preliminary phenotypic detection of ESBLs was carried out by combination disc-diffusion test (CDDT) Performed using Kirby-bauer disc diffusion method on muller hinton agar. Results: Totally 10 clinical samples were collected and investigated Among 7 clinical samples of positive of Urinary tract infection (UTI), 20 micro-organisms belonging to 3 genus were isolated. Of the patients, 7 were female and 3 were male. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were most prevalent species. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were multidrug-resistant (resistance to five or more antibiotics) among the isolates. Of the isolated in Uro pathogens such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were ESBLs positive. Conclusion: Based on the results, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia predominated in the samples, giving the maximum frequency of ESBLs producing followed by E. coli (70%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (30%) from the combined disk diffusion method. Herbal medicine should be perform for UTI patients to prevent the spread of more. Only limited therapeutically options for ESBL-PE.

Prevalence of ESBL genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae from individuals with community-acquired urinary tract infection in rural communities of Enugu State, Nigeria

“…UTI is mostly caused by bacteria, though other microorganisms such as fungi and viruses are rare etiologic agents [4]. UTI caused by Klebsiella species, is of particular concern, as these bacteria possess substantially high levels of extendedspectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) enzymes activity [5]. These enzymes have resistance mechanisms capable of hydrolyzing and causing resistance to various antibiotics, such as new β -lactamases, including third -generation cephalosporins of broad-spectrum activity (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime) and monobactams (aztreonam) [6].…”

Study of The Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Probiotics Culture Extracts on Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Multi-Drug Resistant Isolates, Bearing BLA-TEM-1 Gene, in Patients with Wound Infections in Hospitals

“…Amoxicillin shows the highest resistance rate [Table 3]. 206 of the isolates were resistant to > or = [3]…”

“…ESβL-producing strains using PCR [Figure 1]: All multi-drug resistant ESβL-producers were being tested for the presence of βLA TEM-1 gene, using primer Sequence as described in table 1 [3,10] .…”

“…The multi-drug resistances have a great interest and wish to be explained continuously. The transfer of drug resistance genes among wound pathogens making issues in therapeutic outcome worldwide [3] . So, antimicrobial therapy of wound infections caused by multi-drug resistant wound pathogens is hugely difficult.…”

Nanopore sequencing of antibiotic-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeJRCGR1 isolate from Pakistan and country scale pan-genomics

“…It has been noted that several strains have acquired an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance [11]. Further resistance to antibiotics like amoxicillin, carbenicillin, and ceftazidime has also been noted [12,13]. It is worrisome that colistin-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae have also been reported in the literature [14,15].…”