Detection of extracellular toxin(s) produced by Vibrio vulnificus

Kreger, Arnold S.; Lockwood, D. E.

doi:10.1128/iai.33.2.583-590.1981

Cited by 197 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The importance of exotoxin in the pathogenicity of vibriosis in man has been demonstrated in V. cholerae (5) and V. mimicus (1). Production of exotoxin by halophilic vibrios has been reported in V. anguillarum (6,13,19), V. parahaemolytic u s (17), V. vulnificus (9), and V. fluvialis (10). In the previous study, we found that the culture filtrate of V. anguillarum contains a substance lethal to mice and rainbow trout (8,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial purification of extracellular substance of Vibrio anguillarum toxigenic for rainbow trout and mouse.

et al. 1985

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An extracellular toxic substance was separated from the cell-free culture filtrate of Vibrio anguillarum (strain NCMB571).Two fractions (GI and GII + III) obtained by Sephadex G-200 chromatography following DEAE-cellulose chromatography were lethal to rainbow trout and mice. Material separated from the GI fraction by Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography (GI-A fraction) was lethal to these animals.By sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the GI and GI-A fractions were found to be composed of components with molecular weights of 44K and 34K, and 44K, respectively. The 44K protein band was associated with carbohydrate.Peripheral vascular disorder was observed in fish and mice that died after inoculation with GI or GI-A fraction. The toxic substance was sensitive to potassium periodate but was resistant to trypsin and acetone. Heat inactivation of the toxic substance was almost complete at 100 C for 20 min and complete at 121 C for 20 min. The toxic activity was not associated with hemolytic or proteolytic activity.Homologous antitoxin completely neutralized the toxic activity.Vibriosis of fish is characterized by hemorrhagic septicemia and high morbidity and mortality among marine (16, 18) and freshwater (4, 14) fishes. The causative agents, Vibrio anguillarum and other Vibrio species isolated from fish, produce hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the skin, fins, and visceral organs as well as hypertrophy of the kidney, spleen, and liver (15). We found that the cell-free filtrate of V. anguillarum cultures contains substance(s) toxic to rainbow trout and mice, and also produce a cytotoxic effect on fish line cells (8, 12). Munn (13) observed that the hemolysin of V. anguillarum is lethal to eels. Inamura et al (6) and Toranzo et al (19) also reported a toxic substance of this bacterium. However, the relationship between these extracellular products and lethal toxicity of the organism in fish is still unclear. This is the first report on the purification and characterization of the extracellular toxic substance of V. anguillarum. The relationships of the toxic substance produced by V. anguillarum to hemolysin and protease and its role in the pathogenesis of vibriosis are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteria. A virulent strain of V. anguillarum (NCMB571 strain) which was 909 91 0 H. KODAMA ET AL

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial purification of extracellular substance of Vibrio anguillarum toxigenic for rainbow trout and mouse.

et al. 1985

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“…A number of factors have been implicated as contributing to disease caused by V. vulnificus, such as iron availability in human serum for their survival (Wright et al 1981) ; the presence of a cytolysin that lyses red blood cells and is cytotoxic for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, enhances vascular permeability in guinea pig skin and is lethal for mice (Kreger and Lockwood 1981) ; proteases like collagenase (Smith and Merkel 1982) and elastase (Kothary and Kreger 1985) ; phospholipases and chondroitin-sulphatase (Oliver et Correspondence to: M. Landgraf, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 05508-900.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors and pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from seafood

Moreno

Landgraf

1998

J Appl Microbiol

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M . L . G A RC IA M OR EN O AN D M . LA ND G RA F. 1998. The virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificusare not yet well understood. So far, many hydrolytic enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this micro-organism. The present research was carried out in order to study the presence of some of these enzymes in 133 V. vulnificus strains isolated from 45 seafood samples. The results showed that 100% of these strains were positive for the production of lecithinase and lipase (Tween-80), 99·2% for caseinolytic protease, 96·9% for DNase, 65·4% for mucinase and 46·6% for elastase. None of the strains was positive for the production of collagenase and 96% were haemolytic against sheep blood cells. In relation to colony morphology on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar and nutrient agar, 59·4% of strains showed opaque morphology on BHI agar and 57·9% on nutrient agar, 10·5% presented translucent morphology on both agars and 30·1 and 31·6% of strains showed a mixture of opaque and translucent morphology on BHI agar and nutrient agar, respectively. None of the translucent colonies was virulent to mice. Therefore, opacity was a useful marker for potential virulence. Of 45 food samples contaminated with V. vulnificus, 29 (64·4%) presented strains lethal to adult mice.

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“…V. vulnificus, a pathogenic bacterium found in estuarine and coastal regions, produces a heat-labile hemolysin [1][2][3][4]. Gray and Kreger [3] and Shinoda et al [4] reported that VVH was inactivated by addition of cholesterol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thiol-activated property of a cholesterol-binding hemolysin produced by Vibrio vulnificus

Miyoshi

1985

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (VVH) and streptolysin O (SLO) are both cholesterol-binding hemolysins. Both hemolysins were inactivated with H202, but the lost activity of SLO was restored by addition of thiol compounds, whereas that of VVH was not. Moreover, the activity of VVH was lowered by thiol compounds but not by thiolblocking agents, whereas the latter produced a decrease in SLO activity. These results suggest that VVH is not a thiol-activated hemolysin, in spite of its cholesterol-binding property. their inactivation with cholesterol; inactivation by oxidation and reactivation with reducing agents, common antigenicity, and synthesis by Gram-positive organisms [5,7,10,11], although a TAH produced by a Gram-negative bacterium was also reported recently [12]. VVH resembles TAH in its sensitivity to cholesterol, but does not have common antigenicity with SLO [4]. Moreover, V. oulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium. We therefore compared the properties of VVH and SLO, and obtained some evidence that VVH is a nonthiol-activated cholesterol-biriding hemolysin.

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Detection of extracellular toxin(s) produced by Vibrio vulnificus

Cited by 197 publications

References 23 publications

Partial purification of extracellular substance of Vibrio anguillarum toxigenic for rainbow trout and mouse.

Partial purification of extracellular substance of Vibrio anguillarum toxigenic for rainbow trout and mouse.

Virulence factors and pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from seafood

Non-thiol-activated property of a cholesterol-binding hemolysin produced by Vibrio vulnificus

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