2011
DOI: 10.1093/anatox/35.4.232
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Detection of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Skin Surface Lipids as Biomarkers of Ethanol Consumption in Alcoholics, Social Drinkers, Light Drinkers, and Teetotalers Using a Methodology Based on Microwave-Assisted Extraction Followed by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are known to be a direct alcohol marker and are mainly investigated in hair samples for their ability to be incorporated into this matrix from sebum. The present study used an already developed methodology to provide and confirm information about the use of FAEEs in skin surface lipids as markers of alcohol consumption. The skin surface lipids were collected with Sebutapes(®) from the foreheads of teetotalers, light drinkers, social drinkers, and alcoholics. The samples were anal… Show more

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Cited by 27 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…With a cutoff of 0.5 ng/mg, a sensitivity and a specificity of 90% were reported. A differentiation between abstinent, social, and excessive drinkers seems possible (González‐Illán et al., ; Yegles et al., ). However, the complex GC/MS method lacks practicability for routine use.…”
Section: Fatty Acid Ethyl Estersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With a cutoff of 0.5 ng/mg, a sensitivity and a specificity of 90% were reported. A differentiation between abstinent, social, and excessive drinkers seems possible (González‐Illán et al., ; Yegles et al., ). However, the complex GC/MS method lacks practicability for routine use.…”
Section: Fatty Acid Ethyl Estersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lipide auf der Hautoberfläche eignen sich als leicht zugängliche Matrix ebenso für die Untersuchung von FSEE. Hier scheint eine Unterscheidung zwischen Abstinenten, sozialen Trinkern und exzessiven Alkoholkonsumenten möglich zu sein [107,108].…”
Section: Limitationenunclassified
“…A key reason for such a rapid growth can be attributed to innovations in mass spectrometry (MS), which is perhaps currently the mainstay of this area of research, primarily involving electrospray ionization (ESI) and/or matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometers . Several lipids have been identified and investigated predominantly by electron impact or electron ionization as part of gas chromatography–MS, and these include mostly non‐polar and volatile lipids, for instance, fatty acids and esters of fatty acids . Fast atom bombardment–MS enabled characterization of polar, non‐volatile lipids such as glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3] Several lipids have been identified and investigated predominantly by electron impact or electron ionization as part of gas chromatography-MS, and these include mostly non-polar and volatile lipids, for instance, fatty acids and esters of fatty acids. [2,4,5] Fast atom bombardment-MS enabled characterization of polar, non-volatile lipids such as glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. [2,4,6] Further, the advent of ESI and MALDI, in conjunction with sophisticated mass analyzers (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%