“…Milk is routinely collected from dairy farms, and has been exploited as a surveillance tool for the detection of other diseases of veterinary importance, for example bovine viral diarrhoea, border disease and bluetongue (Beaudeau et al, 2001;Berriatua et al, 2006;Kramps, van Maanen, Mars, Popma, & van Rijn, 2008). It has been demonstrated that the mammary gland is a highly susceptible organ for FMDV replication, and that during infection, FMDV RNA can be detected in milk by rRT-PCR before, during and after the appearance of clinical signs (Armson et al, 2018;Blackwell & McKercher, 1982;Burrows, Mann, Greig, Chapman, & , 1971;Reid et al, 2006). However, only a small number of studies have described the detection of FMDV RNA in milk from naturally-infected animals.…”