Detection of hepatitis C viraemia in caucasian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Garson, Jeremy A.; Wicki, A. N.; Ring, Christopher J.; Joller, H.; Zala, G; Schmid, Martin; Buehler, H.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890380215

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The use of PCR technique has revealed that 86% of seven investigated HCV-Ab-reactive asymptomatic individuals were positive and viremia was confirmed. This result corresponds with one other study from Garson et al 19 in which HCV-RNA was detected in a total of 12 patients and represented 86% of the anti-HCV-positive group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Disease Markers in Blood Donors at King Fahad Hospital, AL BAHA

Omar

Zuebi

1996

Ann Saudi Med

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A total of 4683 donated blood units were screened for HCV-Ab, HBs-Ag, HIV-Ab, VDRL, malaria parasites and ALT between January 1993 and April 1994. Of the blood units, 7.7% were positive for one or two hepatitis markers (HCV-Ab, HBs-Ag), while 4.6% were positive for HCV antibody, and 3.3% of the 4.6% were accounted for by Egyptian blood donors. Thus, 73% of all positive blood units for HCV-Ab were from Egyptian donors, while the rate of positive blood units for Saudi blood donors was 0.9%. Three and one-tenth percent of the total blood units were positive for HBs antigen, 2.3% from the Saudi population. Thus, 75% of all positive blood units were from Saudi donors. The percentage for HBs-Ag blood units for Egyptians was 0.3%. The exact prevalence of HCV-Abpositive blood units among Saudis was 1.2% and HBs-Ag-positive units was 3.3%. Prevalence of HCV-Ab-reactive blood units among Egyptians was 34% and HBs-Ag-positive units was 3.3%. HCV-RNA using PCR was detected in a total of 86% of the individuals reactive to HCV antibody. Forty-three percent of hepatitis-B-and/or C-reactive blood donors had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Elevated ALT was observed in a higher percentage among HCV-Ab-reactive blood donors as compared to HBs-Ag-reactive donors. Blood donors are a major source of diseases, especially viral infection. The most common blood-transmitted viruses are HBV, HCV and HIV. These viruses cause fatal disease and chronic and life-threatening disorders. Local, not imported, donated blood units at King Fahad Hospital, Al Baha, are screened for HCV-Ab, HBs-Ag, HIVantibody, VDRL, malaria parasites and liver function (alanine aminotransferase, or ALT). If blood units were reactive to any one parameter, they were rejected and the donor was advised to visit the internal medicine clinic. IgG antibody to HCV was detected in 93% of acute and 91% of chronic non-A non-B hepatitis cases.1 This finding points to the possibility of transmission of HCV even when blood units are nonreactive to HCV-Ab. The introduction of the ALT value as a parameter will help to reduce the risk of transmitting HCV through transfusion. ALT value greater than the upper limit (65 U/L) by factor 1.5 (97 U/L) was taken as the criterion for rejecting the blood unit. Repeated ALT value greater than 97 U/L by a second blood donation from the same donor was considered as permanent rejection for any blood donation in the future. Excluding the use of donated blood with abnormal ALT results may have reduced the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis. 2The prevalence of HBV or HCV varies by nationality and geography. The prevalence of HBV infection among Saudi donors is known to be about three times higher than the incidence of HCV infection 3,4 and the prevalence of HCV infection among Egyptian donors is high as well. 5,6 The prevalence of HCV antibody among Saudi blood donors at four hospitals in the Riyadh area ranges between 1.0 to 1.7%, averaging 1.3%. 3,4,7,8 Material and MethodFour thousand, six hundred and eighty-three donated blood unit...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Disease Markers in Blood Donors at King Fahad Hospital, AL BAHA

Omar

Zuebi

1996

Ann Saudi Med

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“…HCV-RNA was detected by PCR in all patients with homozy gous [3-thalassaemia and hepatitis C, except in 1 (95.6%), indicating a high prevalence of viraemia, probably due to impaired immunity of the thalassaemic patients or to repeated infections by different HCV genotypes. This is supported by the following Findings: the prevalence of viraemia in patients with 'sporadic hepatitis C' was found to be as low as 50% in our laboratory [24], whereas in two studies by Garson et al [14,25], using the same set of primers with ours but with haemodialysis and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, it was 89 and 86%, respec tively. Furthermore, persistent viraemia in the patients is suggested by the Finding of anti-HCV antibodies in all patients for a mean period of 40 months before the detec tion of HCV-RNA, as well as the demonstration of HCV-RNA in 8 patients at least twice in the last 2-3 years.…”

Section: Household Contactssupporting

confidence: 54%

Lack of Transmission of Hepatitis C in Household Contacts of Children with Homozygous β-Thalassaemia

Papanastasiou

Spiliopoulou²,

Katinakis³

et al. 1997

Acta Haematol

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Forty-eight household contacts of 25 children with homozygous β-thalassaemia and chronic hepatitis C (index cases) were evaluated for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and increased transaminase values in the blood. The mean age ± SD of the household contacts was 36.4 ± 17.0 years (range 5-67) and 20 of them were males. All thalassaemic patients (age 14.3 ± 3.0 years, range 8-19) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies by repeated determinations. HCV-RNA was detected in the blood of 22 of 23 patients tested by polymerase chain reaction. Liver biopsies were performed in 18 patients and showed chronic active hepatitis in 14 and chronic persistent hepatitis in 4. The mean duration of contact between the index cases and the household contacts while the index cases were anti-HCV positive was 45.3 ± 10.2 months (range 17-57). None of the household contacts was found to be positive for anti-HCV antibodies nor did they have elevated transaminases in the two examinations performed within an interval of about 2 years. Among the HCV-negative household contacts are included 14 who mentioned needlestick injuries with needles used by the index cases.

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“…In some patients, disease severity may be related to the duration of disease, but this is frequently difficult to establish in patients who may have acquired the disease by inapparent transmission in childhood. Other factors, including viral load, mode of acquisition, reinfections, host immunity, genetic factors, age, coexistent viral and parasitic infection and alcohol may conceivably determine the outcome of infection (31)(32)(33)(34). Our study did not address these factors but points to a possible relationship between geographic origin and the histological range of the disease for a e v e n genotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hepatitis C virus genotypes: An investigation of type-specific differences in geographic origin and disease

Dusheiko

1994

Hepatology

106

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Because of the nucleotide sequence diversity of different isolates of hepatitis C virus, it has become important to clarify whether distinct genotypes of hepatitis C virus vary with respect to pathogenicity, infectivity, response to antiviral therapy and geographic clustering. We assessed nucleotide sequence variability in the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis C virus, using restriction enzymes to analyze the distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes, in 80 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Genotypes were correlated with demographic, clinical and histological features. Thirty-seven patients were infected with type 1, 10 had type 2 and 8 had type 3, and another 23 were infected with a new distinct hepatitis C virus type now classified as type 4. Two were infected with variants whose classification are uncertain. Types 1, 2 and 3 were found in patients from the United Kingdom, southern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. Nineteen of 23 type 4 genotype isolates were from Middle Eastern patients, compared with 0 of 37 type 1 isolates (p < 0.001). Of 21 Middle Eastern patients, 19 (90.4%) had type 4 hepatitis C virus (p = 0.001, odds ratio = 9). We found no significant difference between the mean ages or mean serum aminotransferase concentrations between the various types. Types 1, 2, 3 and 4 were found in patients with mild-to-moderate disease or severe disease. However, 21 of 29 (72.4%) patients with type 1 who underwent liver biopsy had severe chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma histologically; 8 had mild or moderate chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis (p = 0.03, odds ratio = 2.6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Detection of hepatitis C viraemia in caucasian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Disease Markers in Blood Donors at King Fahad Hospital, AL BAHA

Disease Markers in Blood Donors at King Fahad Hospital, AL BAHA

Lack of Transmission of Hepatitis C in Household Contacts of Children with Homozygous β-Thalassaemia

Hepatitis C virus genotypes: An investigation of type-specific differences in geographic origin and disease

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