Detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in serum and body fluids by sequential competition ELISA

Homsy, Jacques; Thomson-Honnebier, Graeme; Cheng‐Mayer, Cecilia; Levy, Jay A.

doi:10.1016/0166-0934(88)90006-7

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…HIV antibodies were found in the saliva of all but one of 36 HIV-seropositive subjects studied, a markedly higher rate than reported previously [Groopman et al, 1984;Archibald et al, 1986aArchibald et al, ,b, 1987Parry et al, 1987;Homsy et al, 19881. The only ELISA-negative case was an example of an early HIV infection (serum WB, anti-HIV gp160, -gp120, -p24); salivary HIV antibodies were detected 2 months later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

HIV antibodies in whole saliva detected by ELISA and western blot assays

Holmström¹,

Syrjänen

Laine³

et al. 1990

Journal of Medical Virology

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Paired serum and saliva samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. The study group included 36 individuals known to be HIV seropositive and 14 healthy, seronegative controls. HIV antibodies were detected in all but one of the saliva samples of the seropositive subjects. In this particular patient, seroconversion was documented 1 week earlier by sequential testings. A further saliva sample obtained 2 months later was ELISA positive for salivary HIV antibodies. Antibodies against HIV proteins gp120 and gp160 were detected by Western blot assay in all saliva specimens taken from HIV seropositive subjects (including the ELISA-negative patient who seroconverted. Antibodies against other viral proteins (p65, p55, p51, gp41, p35, p24 p18) were found in saliva haphazardly without any clear-cut correlation with the clinical stage of the disease. Pretreatment of the saliva with protease inhibitor was essential for the diagnostic use of saliva for the detection of HIV antibodies by Western blot assay. Calculation of the ratio of titres in serum to those in saliva showed the highest ratios in symptomless subjects (mean +/- SD; 1844 +/- 1412) and the lowest in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (mean +/- SD; 811 +/- 445). The ratio of serum to saliva by ELISA showed a positive correlation with salivary flow rate, indicating a dilution of salivary HIV antibodies with increasing salivary flow rate. The gingival bleeding index was negatively correlated with the ratio, supporting the concept that salivary HIV antibodies transudate from blood to saliva via gingival fluid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

HIV antibodies in whole saliva detected by ELISA and western blot assays

Holmström¹,

Syrjänen

Laine³

et al. 1990

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The observation that it was difficult to recover viable HIV-1 particles from the salivary secretions of AIDS patients (Groopman et al, 1984;Ho et al, 1985;Homsy et al, 1988;Levy and Greenspan, 1988) prompted speculation that these secretions contained inhibitory activity against HIV-1. Initial studies aimed at testing this hypothesis did indeed detect such HIV inhibitory activity in saliva of normal and infected subjects (Fultz, 1986;Fox et al, 1988Fox et al, , 1989Archibald and Cole, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parotid salivary basic proline‐rich proteins inhibit HIV‐1 infectivity

Robinovitch¹,

Ashley²,

Iversen³

et al. 2001

Oral Diseases

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Specific basic proline-rich proteins in human parotid saliva possess significant anti-HIV-I activity independent of that attributable to SLPI or TSP-I. Since the inhibition is detectable with the MAGI assay, its mechanism of action involves virus-host cell interaction prior to the introduction of the tat gene product into the host cell and may be through the binding of the basic proline-rich proteins to the HIV-I gp120 coat of the virus.

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“…Both false positive (28) and false negative (28,29) HIV-1 core antigen tests by EIA have been reported. Using a sequential competitive EIA methodology, Homsy et al (28) showed that the presence of HIV-1 -specific antibody can interfere with the detection of HIV-1 antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a sequential competitive EIA methodology, Homsy et al (28) showed that the presence of HIV-1 -specific antibody can interfere with the detection of HIV-1 antigen. This emphasizes the need to identify either qualitatively or quantitatively the presence of HIV-l-specific antibody in serum and body fluids when assaying for HIV-1 antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody specificity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex

Willoughby

Midgett

Folds

1989

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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Since little information has been reported about the specificity of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 21 CSF and serum specimens were examined from 19 patients with clinical AIDS, AIDS-related complex, or asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. The predominant specificity of antibodies using Western blot analysis in both serum (100%) and CSF (100%) was directed toward env gene products. The next most common antibody specificities were to the pol gene products (serum 95%; CSF 62%). Less commonly found was antibody to the gag-encoded proteins (serum 71%; CSF 38%). The level of antibody to HIV-1 in CSF could not be predicted from the level found in serum. Also, the spectrum of antibodies seen did not correlate with disease stage or with the quantity of antibody present. The serum/CSF pairs were also examined for the presence of HIV-1 antigen by commercial enzyme immunoassay. HIV-1 antigen was present in eight of 19 (43%) of the serum samples and five of 20 (25%) of the CSF samples tested.

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Detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in serum and body fluids by sequential competition ELISA

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

HIV antibodies in whole saliva detected by ELISA and western blot assays

HIV antibodies in whole saliva detected by ELISA and western blot assays

Parotid salivary basic proline‐rich proteins inhibit HIV‐1 infectivity

Antibody specificity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex

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