Detection of hydatid antigen in urine by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis

Abstract

Hydatid antigen was demonstrated for the first time in the urine of patients with hydatid disease by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). The antigen was detected in the concentrated urine of 7 of 16 (43.75% positive) patients with surgically confirmed hydatid disease, 4 of 10 (40% positive) patients with ultrasound-proven hydatid disease (daughter cysts or prominent septation and hydatid sands demonstrated by ultrasound), and 8 of 14 (57.14% positive) patients with clinically diagnosed (presumptive) hydatid disease. No antigen was detected in the concentrated urine from 24 patients with parasitic diseases other than hydatid disease. However, antigen was detected in 2 (8% false positive) of 25 concentrated urine samples collected from healthy control subjects (blood donors and students). These result suggest that the detection of hydatid antigen in the urine by CIEP is a simple, rapid, and noninvasive method of diagnosis of hydatid disease.

Urinary Hydatid Antigen Detection by Coagglutination, a Cost-Effective and Rapid Test for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis in a Rural or Field Setting

“…The Co-A test showed a sensitivity of 50% for the diagnosis of CE. The sensitivity was slightly more than that of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (47.5% sensitivity), which has previously been employed for detection of hydatid antigen in the urine (12). Co-A detected urinary hydatid antigen in the concentrated urine of 7 of 16 (43.75%) patients with surgically confirmed CE, 6 of 10 (60%) patients with ultrasound-proven CE, and 8 of 14 (57.14%) patients with clinically diagnosed CE.…”

“…Urine. Urine samples were collected from 89 patients attending the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Hospital, Pondicherry, India, as described previously (12). These included 16 specimens from patients with surgically proven CE, 10 specimens from patients with ultrasoundproven CE, and 14 specimens from patients with clinically diagnosed (presumptive) CE.…”

“…Our group has developed for the first time a polyclonal rabbit hydatid antibody-based countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis designed to detect the presence of hydatid antigen excreted in the urine for the diagnosis of CE (12). This test performed well and could detect antigen in the urine collected from patients with surgically confirmed, ultrasound-proven, and clinically diagnosed cases of CE.…”

Urine Antigen Detection for the Diagnosis of Human Neurocysticercosis

“…Non-invasive sampling using saliva 32 ,33 or urine [17][18][19][20][21] provides a series of logistic advantages and should increase compliance. Urine sampling has been used for serologic diagnosis of many infections including tissue parasitic diseases like hydatid disease, 18 Schistosomiasis , 19 Chagas' disease, 20 or filariasis, 21 among others. Another group has previously reported the use of a polyclonal antibody-based ELISA for cysticercus antigen detection in urine samples, 22 with 62.5% sensitivity and 91% specificity.…”

“…It would be of great advantage when multiple samples are needed (i.e., clinical follow-up) or for field epidemiology studies. Urine antigen detection has been used for the diagnosis of other parasitic infections, [17][18][19][20][21] and a previous publication used a polyclonal antibody to detect NCC antigen, 22 although this assay did not achieve good sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we prospectively determined the presence of specific antigens in the urine of patients with NCC and in negative controls and assessed the relationships of specific antigens with the viability of brain parasites.…”