Detection of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> types C and D toxin by ELISA

Rj, Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb00769.x

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…reported that the toxin was not detected via the mouse assay in some birds affected by botulism (Thomas, 1991;Neimanis et al, 2007). However, a mouse assay was used for diagnosis because of the irreversible reaction of botulinum toxin at neuromuscular junctions (Swerczek, 1980;Rossetto and Montecucco, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in Wild Waterfowl: Seoul, Korea

Woo

Kim

Bae

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Over a 6-day period beginning on 15 October 2008, 93 dead or sick wild waterfowl, including Mallards, Spotbills, and teal species, were found along the shore of a branch stream of the Hangang River, which flows through Seoul, Korea, and were submitted to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) for diagnosis. Clinically, the affected birds showed flaccid paralysis of the legs and wings and paralysis of the neck. Grossly, no bird showed any lesions, but all had almost empty stomachs. Histopathologic findings included mild lymphocytic hepatitis and mild lymphocytic interstitial nephritis. Clostridium botulinum type C toxin was identified in sera collected from the birds using a mouse bioassay for botulinum toxins; however, no bacteria were isolated from any of the affected birds. In addition, a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus was isolated from two Spotbills, and pesticides such as diazinon and phorate, were detected in seven Mallards. The cause of this outbreak is not clear, but an increase in organic materials from sewage due to drought, increased temperatures, and an increased number of aquatic carcasses resulting from pesticide contamination may have increased the replication of C. botulinum, contributing to the release of botulinum toxins into the waterfowl food chain.

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confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in Wild Waterfowl: Seoul, Korea

Woo

Kim

Bae

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Because of this reason mice inoculation test is the most reliable AYTEKİN, KAYA ATALAY test for botulism [18,19] . However negative mice inoculation test results do not eliminate the disease due to the toxin may be present at below level of threshold of detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulismuslu İneklerde Serum Haptoglobulin, Seruloplazmin ve Pseudokolinesteraz Seviyelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Aytekin¹,

Kaya²,

Atalay³

2016

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The aim of this study was to determine serum pseudocholinesterase, rheumatoid factor, troponin I, C-reactive protein, caeruloplasmin, haptoglobin, urea, creatinin, creatinin kinase (CK), phosporus, calcium, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in cows with or without botulism. The study included 15 holstein cows aged two to five years as the botulism group and control group consisting of 10 healthy cows. The group included both pregnant and dry period cattle. Serum concentration of all the parameters were measured using an autoanalyzer and Nefelometre equipment BNII. Mice inoculation test was performed to make diagnosis and Clostridium Botulinum type C and D toxins were determined in silage and blood that cows with botulism. Serum troponin I, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, creatinine, creatinine kinase, phosphorus, calcium and AST did not differ significantly between two groups. Biochemistry analysis of serum showed that in the botulism group haptoglobin, caeruloplasmin and urea were higher and that pseudocholinesterase and alanine aminotransferase were lower than in the control group. Serum haptoglobin, caeruloplasmin, urea, alanine aminotransferase and especially pseudocholinesterase concentrations may prove beneficial to the prognosis of botulism. Keywords: Botulism, Cow, Toxin, Pseudocholinesterase, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin Botulismuslu İneklerde Serum Haptoglobulin, Seruloplazmin ve Pseudokolinesteraz Seviyelerinin Değerlendirilmesi ÖzetBu çalışmada botulismuslu ve sağlıklı ineklerde serum pseudokolinesteraz, seruloplazmin, haptoglobin, romatoid faktör, troponin I, C-reactive protein, üre, kreatin, kreatin kinaz (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ve aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fosfor ve kalsiyum seviyeleri araştırıldı. Çalışma ve kontrol grubunu gebe ve kuru dönemde iki ile beş yaşları arasında değişen 15 adet botulismuslu ve 10 adet sağlıklı holştayn inek oluşturdu. Parametrelerin serum düzeyleri Nefelometre BNII ve otoanalizör kullanılarak ölçüldü. Botilusmuslu hayvanların kan serumlarından ve silajdan fare inokulasyon testi yapılarak clostridium botulinum tip C ve tip D toksini tespit edildi. Serum troponin I, C-reactive protein, romatoid faktör, kreatin, kreatin kinaz, AST, fosfor ve kalsiyum seviyeleri botulismuslu ve sağlıklı ineklerde önemli bir değişiklik göstermedi. Botulismuslu ineklerde haptoglobin, seruloplazmin ve üre yüksek çıkarken, ALT ve pseudokolinesterazın sağlıklı ineklere göre daha düşük çıktığı tespit edildi. Botulismuslu ineklerde serum üre, ALT, haptoglobin, seruloplazmin ve özellikle pseudokolinesteraz düzeylerinin belirlenmesi botulismusun prognozuna faydalı olabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

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“…Thorough validation of an ELISA for BoNT detection in different matrices is indispensable, because the extent of cross-reactivity between the antibodies used and the matrix components in an unknown sample is difficult to predict. Also when A, B, C, D, E, F, G 0.1-100 ng/mL 5 h-2 days cs, se, fo, fe Notermans et al (1978), Kozaki et al (1979), Notermans et al (1979), Lewis et al (1981), Lee and Yang (1982), Notermans et al (1982a, b), Dezfulian et al (1984), Michalik et al (1986, Thomas (1991), Doellgast et al (1993), Potter et al (1993), Doellgast et al (1994), Szílagyi et al (2000), Ferreira (2001), Ferreira et al (2001Ferreira et al ( , 2004, Poli et al (2002), Sharma et al (2006), Rajkovic et al (2012) ELISA (mAb)…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnostics Of Botulism: Conclusion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results were routinely obtained within 4-6 h, a clear advancement in comparison to the MBA. However, when using polyclonal antibodies (pAb) generated against purified BoNT or BoNT complexes, the ELISAs were clearly less sensitive than the MBA with detection limits usually down to a few ng/mL (Thomas 1991;Doellgast et al 1993Doellgast et al , 1994Szílagyi et al 2000;Ferreira 2001;Ferreira et al 2004;Sharma et al 2006). Later, in a collaborative effort, sandwich ELISAs based on pAb against BoNT/A, B, E, and F have been validated and compared to the MBA, resulting in assay sensitivities of 0.1-1 ng/ mL.…”

Section: Classical Sandwich Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, if the pAb has been generated against BoNT complexes or bacterial supernatants rather than the pure holotoxins, high titers against accessory proteins or unrelated proteins have been observed which can result in substantial cross-reactivity (Sakaguchi et al 1974;Sugiyama et al 1974;Betley and Sugiyama 1979;Notermans et al 1982b;Sakaguchi 1982;Dezfulian et al 1984;Kumar et al 1994;Ferreira 2001). It has also been noticed that culture supernatants of C. botulinum shared antigens found in supernatants of other clostridia (Poxton 1984;Poxton and Byrne 1984) and gave rise to cross-reactivity with nontoxogenic clostridia (Lewis et al 1981;Thomas 1991).…”

Section: Selected Examples Of Different Elisa Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complexity of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Challenges for Detection Technology

Dorner

Schulz

Kull

et al. 2012

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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The detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is extremely challenging due to their high toxicity and the multiple BoNT variants. To date, seven serotypes with more than 30 subtypes have been described, and even more subtypes are expected to be discovered. The fact that the BoNT molecules are released as large complexes of different size and composition adds further complexity to the issue. Currently, in the diagnostics of botulism, the mouse bioassay (MBA) is still considered as gold standard for the detection of BoNT in complex sample materials. Over the years, different functional, immunological, and spectrometric assays or combinations thereof have been developed, supplemented by DNA-based assays for the detection of the organism. In this review, advantages and limitations of the current technologies will be discussed, highlighting some of the intricacies of real sample analysis.

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Detection of Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxin by ELISA

Cited by 48 publications

References 19 publications

Outbreak of Botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in Wild Waterfowl: Seoul, Korea

Outbreak of Botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in Wild Waterfowl: Seoul, Korea

Botulismuslu İneklerde Serum Haptoglobulin, Seruloplazmin ve Pseudokolinesteraz Seviyelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Complexity of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Challenges for Detection Technology

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