Detection ofRickettsia parkerifrom within Piura, Peru, and the First Reported Presence ofCandidatusRickettsia andeanae in the TickRhipicephalus sanguineus

Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Florin, David A.; Felices, Vidal; Pozo, Edwar J.; Graf, Paul C. F.; Burrus, Roxanne G.; Richards, Allen L.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2012.1028

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…However, recent studies identified dual and even triple rickettsial coinfections in questing ticks. A single D. variabilis tick collected in Ohio was found coinfected with Rickettsia bellii, R. montanensis, and R. rickettsii (Carmichael and Fuerst, 2010); two A. americanum collected in Kansas were concurrently infected by R. rickettsii and R. amblyommatis (Berrada et al, 2011); and two Peruvian A. maculatum were co-infected with both Candidatus R. andeanae and R. parkeri (Flores-Mendoza et al, 2013). In addition, laboratory-reared A. dubitatum were able to acquire and transmit R. rickettsii transstadially despite being 100% infected with R. bellii (Sakai et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector competence of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) for Rickettsia rickettsii

Levin

Zemtsova

Killmaster

et al. 2017

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Rickettsia rickettsii – the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) – is widely spread across the Americas. In the US, Dermacentor spp. ticks are identified as primary vectors of R. rickettsii and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. has been implicated in transmission of this pathogen in several locations in the Southwest. Conversely, ticks of the genus Amblyomma are recognized vectors of RMSF in Central and South America, but not in the US. A. americanum is one of the most aggressive human-biting ticks in the US, whose geographical range overlaps with that of reported RMSF cases. Despite sporadic findings of R. rickettsii DNA in field-collected A. americanum and circumstantial association of this species with human RMSF cases, its vector competence for R. rickettsii has not been appropriately studied. Therefore, we assessed the ability of A. americanum to acquire and transmit two geographically distant isolates of R. rickettsii. The Di-6 isolate of R. rickettsii used in this study originated in Virginia and the AZ-3 isolate originated in Arizona. Under laboratory conditions, A. americanum demonstrated vector competence for both isolates, although the efficiency of acquisition and transovarial transmission was higher for Di-6 than for AZ-3 isolate. Uninfected larvae acquired the pathogen from systemically infected guinea pigs, as well as while feeding side by side with Rickettsia-infected ticks on non-rickettsiemic hosts. Once acquired, R. rickettsii was successfully maintained through the tick molting process and transmitted to susceptible animals during subsequent feedings. Guinea pigs and dogs infested with infected A. americanum developed fever, scrotal edema and dermatitis or macular rash. R. rickettsii DNA was identified in animal blood, skin, and internal organs. The prevalence of infection within tick cohorts gradually increased due to side-by-side feeding of infected and uninfected individuals from 33 to 49% in freshly molted nymphs to 71–98% in engorged females. Moreover, R. rickettsii was transmitted transovarially by approximately 28% and 14% of females infected with Di-6 and AZ-3 isolates, respectively. Hence, A. americanum is capable of acquiring, maintaining and transmitting R. rickettsii isolates originating from two different geographical regions of the US, at least under laboratory conditions. Its role in ecology and epidemiology of RMSF in the US deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector competence of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) for Rickettsia rickettsii

Levin

Zemtsova

Killmaster

et al. 2017

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…'Candidatus Rickettsia andenae' is a spotted fever group agent infecting found infecting adults of A. parvum in Argentina (PACHECO et al, 2007), Brazil , A. maculatum in Unites States (PADDOCK et al, 2010;FORNADEL et al, 2011;JIANG et al, 2012;FERRARI et al, 2013;NADOLNY et al, 2014) and Peru (BLAIR et al, 2004;JIANG et al, 2005;FLORES-MENDOZA et al, 2013), Amblyomma pseudoconcolor Aragão, 1908in Argentina (TOMASSONE et al, 2010a, A. triste in Chile (ABARCA et al, 2012), A. sculptum in Brazil (WITTER et al, 2016), R. sanguineus (FLORES-MENDOZA et al, 2013), and Ixodes boliviensis Neumann, 1904(JIANG et al, 2005 in Peru. Nymphs of A. parvum collected from wild birds of were found infected with this Rickettsia in Paraguay , and in Brazil (LUGARINI et al, 2015) ( Table 1).…”

Section: Rickettsia Species Found In Ticks Parasitizing Birds In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) as ectoparasites of Brazilian wild birds and their association with rickettsial diseases

Ogrzewalska

Pintér²

2016

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of a variety of vertebrate hosts and play an important role in the transmission and ecology of infectious pathogens causing diseases in humans and animals worldwide. Sixty-eight species of ticks exist in Brazil, and at least 23 are found parasitizing wild birds. This number is increasing with the advent of new studies highlighting the underestimated role of birds in the life cycle of these arthropods. In South America, many of these ticks are involved in epidemiology of the life-threatening spotted fever diseases caused by bacteria from the genus Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). The aim of this paper is to present up-to-date knowledge about the bird-tick fauna of Brazil and their association with rickettsioses. The available literature concerning ticks on birds and tick-borne diseases related to these ticks in Brazil has been revised. It could be concluded that birds play a primary role in life cycles of various tick species, especially during immature stages (larvae and nymphs). The best known is a bird-tick fauna from the Atlantic Forest and from Brazilian savannah called Cerrado in southern and central Brazil, respectively. On the other hand, the knowledge about bird tick parasitism from other Brazilian biomes such as the Amazon, Caatinga, Pantanal and Pampas regions is very scarce and requires further study. Moreover, no studies about the role of birds as mobile hosts for spreading ticks to new areas exist, nor has their role in the natural life cycle of Rickettsia been thoroughly examined.Keywords: Ticks. Ectoparasites. Rickettsia. Disease. Birds. Brazil. ResumoOs carrapatos (Acari: Ixodoidea) são ectoparasitas obrigatórias de uma variedade de hospedeiros vertebrados e têm um papel importante na ecologia e transmissão de diversos patógenos causadores de doenças em humanos e animais no mundo todo. No Brasil existem 68 espécies de carrapatos e pelo menos 23 espécies são encontradas parasitando aves silvestres. Esse número tem crescido com o advento de novos estudos ressaltando o papel das aves nos ciclos de vida desses artrópodes. Na América do Sul alguns desses carrapatos estão envolvidos na epidemiologia de doenças graves para o ser humano, como a febre maculosa, causada por bactérias do gênero Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). O alvo desse artigo é apresentar o estado atual de conhecimento sobre a fauna de carrapatos encontrados em aves no Brasil e as associações estabelecidas com as riquetsioses. A literatura disponível sobre carrapatos em aves e ocorrência de riquétsias foi revisada e pôde ser concluído que aves têm um papel importante nos ciclos de vida de várias espécies de carrapatos, sendo especialmente importantes para os estágios imaturos (larvas e ninfas). A maior parte do conhecimento sabrecai na fauna de carrapatos de aves dos biomas Mata Atlântica e Cerrado no sudeste e centro-oeste do Brasil. Já o conhecimento sobre o parasitismo por carrapatos em aves dos outros biomas: Amazônia, Caatinga, Pantanal...

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“…Few years later, R. parkeri- infected A. triste ticks were reported in Brazil [5] and Argentina [6]. More recently, A. maculatum ticks were found infected by R. parkeri in Peru [7]. While a number of human cases of R. parkeri rickettsiosis have been recently described in the United States, all associated with A. maculatum ticks [2, 8–10], in South America, human cases were reported only in Uruguay and Argentina, generally associated with A. triste ticks [11, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Infected and NoninfectedAmblyomma tristeTicks withRickettsia parkeri, the Agent of an Emerging Rickettsiosis in the New World

Nieri-Bastos

Szabó

Pacheco

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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The distribution of Rickettsia parkeri in South America has been associated with Amblyomma triste ticks. The present study evaluated under laboratory conditions two colonies of A. triste: one started from engorged females that were naturally infected by R. parkeri (designated as infected group); the other started from noninfected females (designated as control group). Both colonies were reared in parallel for five consecutive generations. Tick-naïve domestic rabbits were used for feeding of each tick stage and generation. R. parkeri was preserved by transstadial maintenance and transovarial transmission in A. triste ticks for five consecutive generations, because all tested larvae, nymphs, and adults from the infected group were shown by PCR to contain rickettsial DNA. All rabbits infested by larvae, nymphs, and adults from the infected group seroconverted, indicating that these tick stages were all vector competent for R. parkeri. Expressive differences in mortality rates were observed between engorged nymphs from the infected and control groups, as indicated by 65.9% and 92.4% molting success, respectively. Our results indicate that A. triste can act as a natural reservoir for R. parkeri. However, due to deleterious effect caused by R. parkeri on engorged nymphs, amplifier vertebrate hosts might be necessary for natural long-term maintenance of R. parkeri in A. triste.

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Detection ofRickettsia parkerifrom within Piura, Peru, and the First Reported Presence ofCandidatusRickettsia andeanae in the TickRhipicephalus sanguineus

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Vector competence of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) for Rickettsia rickettsii

Vector competence of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) for Rickettsia rickettsii

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) as ectoparasites of Brazilian wild birds and their association with rickettsial diseases

Comparative Evaluation of Infected and NoninfectedAmblyomma tristeTicks withRickettsia parkeri, the Agent of an Emerging Rickettsiosis in the New World

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