Detection of Inclusion Body Hepatitis Virus in broilers at Sharkia Province, Egypt

Abstract

IBH is associated with fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs), which are non-enveloped double stranded DNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry (Zhao et al., 2015; Mase et al., 2009). The virus DNA is associated with many proteins (Ginsberg, 2013), the main proteins are hexon (II) and fibre (IV) with a penton base (III) non-covalently attached, and numerous minor proteins: VI, VIII, IX, IIIa and IVa2 (Russell, 2000).The existing classification scheme identifies five types of fowl aviadenoviruses A to E (FAdV-A to FAdV-E) on mo research Article Abstract | During the last 10 years, many inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks across Egypt were reported causing high economic losses to poultry industry. The current study aimed the detection and molecular characterization of IBH in broilers at Sharkia governorate. For identification and genotyping of fowl adenoviruses related to IBH in broiler flocks, liver samples representing 40 broiler flocks were collected and tested for FAdVs based on hexon gene detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We recorded most loses among broilers at 3-5 weeks of age. Only depression, ruffled feather were the observed signs with varied mortality (8-14%). On necropsy, liver was yellowish, friable, enlarged and hemorrhagic. For identification and genotyping of Fowl adenoviruses related to inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in broiler flocks at Sharkia governorate, liver samples representing 40 broiler flocks were collected and tested for FAdVs based on hexon gene detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR Out of the forty examined broiler flocks, three flocks (7.5%) were recorded PCR positive for Aviadenoviruses. Based on hexon loop-1 gene analysis, the nucleotide sequence identity of the three positive samples (EG101/2018, EG102/2018 and EG103/2018) was >97.7% and genetically was closer to reference strains serotype 2 (FAdV-2), the three examined strains shared a high degree of nucleotide identity (97.6-99.6%). Using neighbor joining for the phylogenetic tree construction depending on hexon gene nucleotides and amino acids sequences, our strains were clustered in the same clade with FAdV type D. This study help to extend the current knowledge about the currently circulating IBH viruses and to develop vaccination and control strategy.

Epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control strategies of inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in poultry: A comprehensive review

“…El-Basrey et al ( 53 ) detected IBH in the livers of three out of 40 samples (7.5%) broiler flocks aged 3–5 weeks in Sharkia governorate, Egypt, based on hexon loop-1 gene detection using PCR. The only observed signs with varying mortality were depression and ruffled feathers (8–14%).…”

Molecular characterization of aviadenovirus serotypes and pathogenicity of the identified adenovirus in broiler chickens

“…The characterization of adenovirus strains at the molecular level is an ongoing process. However, FAdV serotypes D (2 and 11) and FAdV serotype E (8a) have been well characterized ( Elbestawy et al., 2020 ; El basrey et al., 2020 ). Immunosuppression caused by infectious bursal disease virus or chicken anemia virus ( Choi et al., 2012 ; Eregae et al., 2014 ) and Marek’s disease ( Niczyporuk, 2016 ) is believed to be a cofactor in IBH cases in chickens ( Meng et al., 2018 ; Su et al., 2018 ) However, recent research, suggests that immunosuppressive factors may not be required for disease induction in chickens based on adenovirus isolates ( Morshed et al., 2017 ).…”