Detection of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of pigs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Increased Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines following Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus andMycoplasma hyopneumoniae

“…It is interesting that IL-6 levels were not elevated in the PRRSV-infected group at 10 dpi, when maximal pneumonia and clinical disease, including fever, occurred, but were increased at 28 dpi, when minimal pneumonia or clinical symptoms were present. It has previously been demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae induces the production of IL-6, although at 42 dpi, the IL-6 levels in both M. hyopneumoniae-infected groups had returned to the same level as that in the negative control group, even though pneumonia remained (2). It is difficult to interpret the significance of either IL-1-␤ or IL-6 in this study.…”

“…hyopneumoniae induces a number of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo (1,2,30). The results of the study presented here confirm that M. hyopneumoniae appears to induce greater levels of the proinflammatory cytokines than PRRSV.…”

“…All tissue culture media and supplements were confirmed to be endotoxin free by standard assays. The tracheal explants and PAMs were cultured overnight at 37°C in 5% CO 2 , and experiments were performed on the next day.…”

“…Increased levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid have been reported in M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs (1,2,30). Respiratory viruses also induce proinflammatory cytokine production, although cytokine levels and the clinical manifestations of pneumonia can vary by virus (33).…”

Development of Allele-Specific Primer PCR for a Swine TLR2 SNP and Comparison of the Frequency among Several Pig Breeds of Japan and the Czech Republic

“…Mhp infection is also associated with the exacerbation of respiratory diseases caused by some viral pathogens, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and swine influenza virus [7,19,22] because of its immunomodulatory characteristics [5,10,11]. One of the most distinctive characteristics of Mhp infection is the accumulation of a large number of lymphocytes in the lung tissue; this accumulation is characterized by the formation of lymphoid follicles in the lung [16] and is associated with the over-production of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of Mhp-infected pigs [3,4,10].…”