Detection of ketorolac drug using pencil graphite electrode

Sawkar, Rakesh R.; Patil, Vinoda B.; Shanbhag, Mahesh M.; Shetti, Nagaraj P.; Tuwar, Suresh M.; Aminabhavi, Tejraj M.

doi:10.1016/j.bea.2021.100009

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…From the graphic presentation of log I pa vs. log ט ( Figure 6 C), we have attained the linear regression equation; log I p = −0.444 log 1.769 + ט; R 2 = 0.989. The slope value of 0.44 nearly equals the expected value of 0.5, indicating the diffusion-controlled electrochemical process [ 48 ]. The plot of E pa vs. log ט is shown in Figure 6 D with a linear regression equation: E pa (V) = −0.056 log 1.230 + ט; R 2 = 0.961.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Electrochemical Electrode to Detect Theophylline Based on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Composited with Graphene Oxide

et al. 2022

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The electrochemical analysis of theophylline (THP) was investigated by fabricating a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with graphene oxide (GO) along with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (CuO-GO/CPE). The impact of electro-kinetic parameters such as the heterogeneous rate constant, the scan rate, the accumulation time, the pH, the transfer coefficient, and the number of electrons and protons transferred into the electro-oxidation mechanism of THP has been studied utilizing electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The differential pulse voltammetry technique was employed to investigate THP in pharmaceutical and biological samples, confirming the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the THP. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed to characterize the CuO nanoparticles. The CuO-GO/CPE was more sensitive in THP detection because its electrocatalytic characteristics displayed an enhanced peak current in the 0.2 M supporting electrolyte of pH 6.0, proving the excellent sensing functioning of the modified electrode.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Electrochemical Electrode to Detect Theophylline Based on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Composited with Graphene Oxide

et al. 2022

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“…The intensity of the dipyridamole and sulfamethoxazole DPV anodic signals decreased in the order PGE > GCE > Pt [27,28], whereas chloramphenicol [29] and famotidine [30] voltammograms recorded for the Au, Pt, GCE, and PGE emphasized better defined and more intense signals when the PGE was the working electrode. Enhanced niclosamide [21], famotidine [31], amlodipine [39], piroxicam [42], and ketorolac [74] oxidation signals were obtained for the PGE vs. GCE.…”

Section: Voltametric Performance Characteristics Of Pges Vs Other Com...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These functional groups activate the electrode surface by enhancing its hydrophilic properties [82] and may have an electrocatalytic effect, improving the electron transfer rate for some analytes [83]. The PGE pretreatment reduces the background current [74], and due to the oxidation of the graphite layer, the effective surface area of the electrode is increased [84] by the formation of carbon nanoparticles [81], thus offering better sensitivity and more reproducible results. All these observations were supported by experimental results.…”

Section: Applications Of Electrochemically Pretreated Pges To the Vol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CV carried out at different scan rates was most often employed to calculate the electroactive surface area (A ea ) of bare or different modified electrodes while considering the slope of the regression equation corresponding to the I p = f(v 1/2 ) plot, where I p (A) repre-sents the peak current and v is the potential scan rate (V/s) [16,20,38,39,41,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49]53,56,59,64,67,72,74,82,85,87,88,106,[124][125][126]128,141].…”

Section: Pge Surface Characterization By Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

et al. 2022

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The even growing production of both well-known and new derivatives with pharmaceutical action involves the need for developing facile and reliable methods for the analysis of these compounds. Among the widely used instrumental techniques, the electrochemical ones are probably the simplest and the most rapid, also having good performance characteristics. However, the key tool in electroanalysis is the working electrode. Due to the inherent electrochemical and economic advantages of the pencil graphite electrode (PGE), the interest in its applicability in the analysis of different analytes has continuously increased in recent years. Thus, this paper aims to review the scientific reports published in the last 10 years on the use of the disposable eco- and user-friendly PGEs in the electroanalysis of compounds of pharmaceutical importance in different matrices. The PGE characteristics and designs (bare or modified with various types of materials), along with their applications and performance parameters (e.g., linear range, limit of detection, and reproducibility), will be discussed, and their advantages and limitations will be critically emphasized.

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“…1 Carbon-based sensors have been widely used for electrochemical analysis due to their porosity, high electrical conductivity, electroactive surface, favoring mass transport and fast electron transfer processes in electroanalytical applications. [10][11][12] In this sense, pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) add several advantages such as cost-effectiveness, commercial availability, disposability, ease of modication, good sensitivity and reproducibility, and easier cleaning or surface reconditioning step through polishing. 10,13,14 In addition, the PGE has been used for the development of (bio)sensors with applications for the monitoring of metals, 15 pharmaceuticals, 16,17 glucose 18 and various other substances of clinical, environmental and food interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pencil graphite-based disposable device for electrochemical monitoring of sulfanilamide in honey and water samples

et al. 2022

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Detection of ketorolac drug using pencil graphite electrode

Cited by 22 publications

References 54 publications

An Electrochemical Electrode to Detect Theophylline Based on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Composited with Graphene Oxide

An Electrochemical Electrode to Detect Theophylline Based on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Composited with Graphene Oxide

Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

A pencil graphite-based disposable device for electrochemical monitoring of sulfanilamide in honey and water samples

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