Detection of maternofetal transfusion by placental alkaline phosphatase levels

Umbilical Cord–Blood Infections withPlasmodium falciparumMalaria Are Acquired Antenatally in Kenya

“…Association of PLAP and IgE levels in maternal blood with those in cord blood. We measured, in paired maternal-and cord-blood samples, the levels of PLAP and polyclonal IgE, 2 molecules that are produced at high levels in women but not in the fetus [21]. Because these molecules do not cross the intact placenta during gestation [21], they have been previously used as markers of maternofetal transfusion during the peripartum period [7,21,24,25].…”

“…The PLAP level was measured in maternal-and cord-blood samples, by use of the method of Kaneda et al [21] as modified by Kwiek et al [22]. The PLAP level in cord and maternal blood was determined by interpolation from a standard curve of purified hu- man PLAP (Sigma) fit to a quadratic equation.…”

Fetal Allostimulation of Maternal Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Perinatal HIV Transmission following Obstetrical Hemorrhage

“…30,31 More recent studies assessing HBsAg and placental alkaline phosphatase levels in infants suggest that approximately 3 ml of maternal blood is present within the fetal circulation following uncomplicated vaginal delivery. 32,33 The amount of maternal blood within the fetal circulation is substantially lower following elective, scheduled C-section, but is not decreased following C-section in labor. Thus, maternal-tofetal microtransfusion could result in some HIV-infected maternal cells within the fetal circulation potentially leading to allostimulation-induced virus production.…”

The impact of abnormal autoimmune function on reproduction: Maternal and fetal consequences

“…If one accepts the proposed concept that microchimerism potentially predisposes to autoimmune diseases [11,12,20,21], then volume of cell traffic between maternal and fetal compartments may matter in how a potential genetic risk is phenotypically expressed. Maternalefetal traffic is reduced by cesarean section [8], while fetalematernal cell traffic is increased by cesarean section [7,9]. As the Fig.…”