“…Owing to recent advances in molecular engineering and programming of DNA nanotechnology, nucleic acid hybridization-based nanocircuits have allowed the detection of nucleic acid targets with tens-or even hundredsfold catalytic amplification (Cheglakov et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2015). Recently, the catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) has been shown to be an idea choice for amplification and has been widely used for detection of DNA, proteins and miRNA in buffer solution (Huang et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2014).…”