Detection of MMP-9 and TIMP-3 mRNA expression in the villi of patients undergoing early spontaneous abortion: A report of 30 cases

Jiang, Guangli; Qi, Yue

doi:10.3892/etm.2015.2336

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Consistent with the findings of the current study, a case study of 30 spontaneous miscarriages and 20 requested miscarriages revealed that the mRNA expression level of MMP-9 in the spontaneous miscarriage group was higher than that in the requested miscarriage group (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and fetal fibronectin in the first trimester threatened miscarriage

Maki,

Ali,

Rawi

2024

Immunopathol Persa

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Introduction: Vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy, accompanied by a positive fetal heart rate and a closed cervix, is medically referred to as a threatened miscarriage. This condition is considered the most common complication within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. It is important to note that, this condition is a potential indication of danger to the fetus, and therefore; requires immediate medical attention and monitoring. Objectives: To evaluate the association of putative biomarkers matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and fetal fibronectin (fFN) in threatened miscarriage. Patients and Methods: A case-control study on threatened miscarriage was conducted at Alkarama hospital and Ibn al Balady Hospital in Baghdad. Serum levels of fFN and MMP-9 were analyzed in 91 pregnant women with matching gestational ages, divided into two groups of threatened miscarriage (patient: n=30) and healthy pregnant women (control: n=61). The differences in serum concentration of fFN and MMP-9 between the two groups, as well as their correlation with clinical outcomes, were statistically evaluated. Results: There were variations in serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase9 between the threatened miscarriage group (49.34±1.08 pg/mL) and the control group (12.19±4.90 pg/mL). Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.009. FFN levels were found to be higher in the threatened miscarriage patient group (467.85±6.22 pg/mL) compared to the control group (230.66±37.44 pg/mL), with a P-value of 0.003. A positive correlation was observed between MMP-9 and fFN (r=0.877, P=0.001). The 95% confidence interval for fFN was (0.9-0.992) and for MMP-9 was (0.78-0.96). Conclusion: Increased levels of MMP-9 and fFN have been associated with a higher risk of fetal demise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and fetal fibronectin in the first trimester threatened miscarriage

Maki,

Ali,

Rawi

2024

Immunopathol Persa

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“…reported that the levels of MMP‐9 mRNA was significantly higher in spontaneous abortion than the corresponding levels in normal pregnant women. Moreover, they suggested that TIMP‐3 mRNA expression levels were similar in cases of spontaneous abortion and normal abortion . However, our proteomic data showed that the TIMP‐3 levels was upregulated 1.42‐fold in EPL (Supporting Information File 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Proteomics study reveals that the dysregulation of focal adhesion and ribosome contribute to early pregnancy loss

Xin

et al. 2016

Prot. Clin. Appl.

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PurposeEarly pregnancy loss (EPL) affects 50–70% pregnant women in first trimester. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying EPL are far from being fully understood. Therefore, we aim to identify the molecular signaling pathways relating to EPL.Experimental designWe performed proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of the placental villi in women who have undergone EPL and in normal pregnant women. The proteomics data were validated by Western blot analysis.ResultsWe identified a total of 5952 proteins in placental villi, of which 588 proteins were differentially expressed in the EPL women. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins participated in a variety of signaling pathways, including the focal adhesion pathway and ribosome pathway. Moreover, results of the Western blot confirmed that Desmin, Lamin A/C, MMP‐9, and histone H4 were upregulated in EPL and the Lamin C/ Lamin A ratio decreased obviously in EPL. These proteins could be associated with the pathophysiology of EPL. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002391.Conclusion and clinical relevanceOur study demonstrated that the focal adhesion pathway and ribosome pathway are involved in EPL, and these findings might contribute to unveil the pathophysiology of EPL.

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“…The expression of MMPs and TIMPs during trophoblast invasion, directed by trophoblastic cells, is required. MMP-9, expressed by trophoblast cells in the embryo, and TIMP-3, expressed by maternal uterine cells, are the main enzymes involved in the invasion of trophoblast cells in the endometrium, being essential participants in the implantation process and correct development of embryos [ 296 , 297 ]. The synthesis of MMP-2 begins at the beginning of gestation, with its main function being the invasion of the trophoblastic bed [ 298 ].…”

Section: Mmps and Timps In Human Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Anumba et al found elevated levels of TIMP-2 in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), linking it to abnormal implantation and development of the placenta, as well as being a predictive marker for RPL [ 300 ]. The expression levels of MMP-9 mRNA and the MMP-9:TIMP-3 mRNA ratio are also associated with SA [ 297 ]. Dysregulated TIMP-1 expression is associated with infertility and early pregnancy loss [ 301 ].…”

Section: Mmps and Timps In Human Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases

Cabral-Pacheco

Garza‐Veloz

Rosa

et al. 2020

IJMS

938

590

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling endopeptidases that have the capacity to degrade almost every component of the ECM. The degradation of the ECM is of great importance, since it is related to embryonic development and angiogenesis. It is also involved in cell repair and the remodeling of tissues. When the expression of MMPs is altered, it can generate the abnormal degradation of the ECM. This is the initial cause of the development of chronic degenerative diseases and vascular complications generated by diabetes. In addition, this process has an association with neurodegeneration and cancer progression. Within the ECM, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMPs. TIMPs are important regulators of ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, and cellular behavior. Therefore, TIMPs (similar to MMPs) modulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. An interruption in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of several diseases. This review focuses on the participation of both MMPs (e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9) and TIMPs (e.g., TIMP-1 and TIMP-3) in physiological processes and on how their abnormal regulation is associated with human diseases. The inclusion of current strategies and mechanisms of MMP inhibition in the development of new therapies targeting MMPs was also considered.

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Detection of MMP-9 and TIMP-3 mRNA expression in the villi of patients undergoing early spontaneous abortion: A report of 30 cases

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

The association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and fetal fibronectin in the first trimester threatened miscarriage

The association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and fetal fibronectin in the first trimester threatened miscarriage

Proteomics study reveals that the dysregulation of focal adhesion and ribosome contribute to early pregnancy loss

The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases

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