Detection of Mycobacterial Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Sada, Eiji

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92532-1

Cited by 104 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There was no false-positive immunostaining in the CSF smears from the disease control group. Earlier immunoassays described in the literature for the detection of mycobacterial antigen in the CSF of patients with TBM include the latex agglutination test with anti-plasma membrane antibody (5), a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with anti-BCG antibody (12), and an inhibition ELISA with polyvalent antibody against M. tuberculosis (2). In our earlier study, we also used a Dot-Iba to detect a 14-kDa mycobacterial antigen in the CSF of patients with TBM (13).…”

Section: Vol 9 2002 Methods For Early Diagnosis Of Tuberculous Meninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical Method for Early Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis

Sumi¹,

Mathai²,

Reuben³

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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A simple immunocytochemical method was standardized for the direct demonstration of mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). CSF-cytospin smears were prepared from 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TBM and also from an equal number of patients with nontuberculous neurological diseases (disease control). Immunocytological demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in the cytoplasm of monocytoid cells was attempted, by using rabbit immunoglobulin G to Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the primary antibody. Of the 22 CSF-cytospin smears from TBM patients, 16 showed positive immunostaining, while all of the CSF-cytospin smears from the disease control showed negative immunostaining for mycobacterial antigen. The technical aspects of this immunocytological method for the demonstration of mycobacterial antigens are simple, rapid, and reproducible, as well as specific, and therefore can be applied for the early diagnosis of TBM, particularly in patients in whom bacteriological methods did not demonstrate the presence of M. tuberculosis in the CSF.

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Section: Vol 9 2002 Methods For Early Diagnosis Of Tuberculous Meninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical Method for Early Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis

Sumi¹,

Mathai²,

Reuben³

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Recently, mycobacterial antigens were detected in the CSF from TBM patients by a "tandem" immunoenzymatic assay, in which a commercial rabbit anti-BCG globulin was used to coat the solid-phase and as the enzyme-labelled reagent (Sada et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycobacterial Antigen and Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis

Chandramuki

Allen

Keen

et al. 1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. An immunodiagnostic test for the detection of a soluble nonprotein mycobacterial antigen by reverse passive haemagglutination with IgM murine monoclonal antibody was developed. The test was used to analyse the cerebrospinal fluid of 89 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) from India and 127 control subjects from India and the UK. The antigen was demonstrable in 88% of culture-positive and 73% of culture-negative TBM patients. However, it was also detected in 21% of Indian patients with pyogenic meningitis, and in 8% of Indian and 1% of UK control subjects. Antibodies binding to a soluble mycobacterial extract were detected at low titre in 68% of all subjects with TBM and in 37% of Indian cases of pyogenic meningitis. Because patients with TBM had raised levels of the antigen and of antibodies to the antigen, the possible role of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of the disease is briefly discussed.

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“…We desperately need more sensitive and rapid detection methods for specific mycobacterial antigens and their antibodies within the tissues. While a number of radioimmune, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and DNA relatedness assays have been developed in recent years, we still need to improve their sensitivities and specificities if we are to detect the presence of minute amounts of specific antigen (equivalent to <104 bacilli per g of tissue) in feces, urine, serum, and bronchial alveolar lavage fluids (102,175). Such tests are probably several years away, although recent advances in molecular biology will eventually provide the type of highly sensitive methodologies needed to detect these slow-growing opportunistic human pathogens before they become firmly established within the tissues (3).…”

Section: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections and Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial disease, immunosuppression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Collins

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

132

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The mycobacteria are an important group of acid-fast pathogens ranging from obligate intracellular parasites such as Mycobacterium leprae to environmental species such as M. gordonae and M. fortuitum. The latter may behave as opportunistic human pathogens if the host defenses have been depleted in some manner. The number and severity of such infections have increased markedly with the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. These nontuberculous mycobacteria tend to be less virulent for humans than M. tuberculosis, usually giving rise to self-limiting infections involving the cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of young children. However, the more virulent serovars of M. avium complex can colonize the bronchial and intestinal mucosal surfaces of healthy individuals, becoming virtual members of the commensal gut microflora and thus giving rise to low levels of skin hypersensitivity to tuberculins prepared from M. avium and M. intracellulare. Systemic disease develops when the normal T-cell-mediated defenses become depleted as a result of old age, cancer chemotherapy, or infection with human immunodeficiency virus. As many as 50% of human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals develop mycobacterial infections at some time during their disease. Most isolates of M. avium complex from AIDS patients fall into serotypes 4 and 8. The presence of these drug-resistant mycobacteria in the lungs of the AIDS patient makes their effective clinical treatment virtually impossible. More effective chemotherapeutic, prophylactic, and immunotherapeutic reagents are urgently needed to treat this rapidly increasing patient population.

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Detection of Mycobacterial Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Cited by 104 publications

References 11 publications

Immunocytochemical Method for Early Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis

Immunocytochemical Method for Early Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis

Detection of Mycobacterial Antigen and Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis

Mycobacterial disease, immunosuppression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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