Detection of Mycobacterial DNA in Andean Mummies

Konomi, Nami; Lebwohl, Eve; Mowbray, Ken; Tattersall, Ian; Zhang, David

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.12.4738-4740.2002

Cited by 73 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Due to its large number of copies and variability in location, IS6110 has become a useful genetic marker to differentiate M. tuberculosis strains (248)(249)(250)(251)(252)(253)(254). The presence of IS6110 has also been exploited to identify M. tuberculosis infection in ancient mummified samples (255)(256)(257).…”

Section: Methods Based On Repetitive Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYMolecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods forMycobacterium tuberculosisand nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.

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Section: Methods Based On Repetitive Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…Morphological and molecular evidence of M. tuberculosis infection has been found in the fossilized remains of Pleistocene era bison that lived approximately 18,000 years ago in North America (329) and in human mummies from ancient Egypt and pre-Columbian Peru (209,336,420). Green published the first description of tuberculous meningitis as a specific entity in 1836 (147), approximately half a century prior to Koch's discovery in 1882 that M. tuberculosis was the causative agent of human tuberculosis (204).…”

Section: Mycobacterium Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion of the Central Nervous System by Intracellular Bacteria

2004

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Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a severe and frequently fatal event during the course of many diseases caused by microbes with predominantly intracellular life cycles. Examples of these include the facultative intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Brucella and Salmonella spp. and obligate intracellular microbes of the Rickettsiaceae family and Tropheryma whipplei. Unfortunately, the mechanisms used by intracellular bacterial pathogens to enter the CNS are less well known than those used by bacterial pathogens with an extracellular life cycle. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the means by which intracellular bacterial pathogens establish infection within the CNS. This review encompasses the clinical and pathological findings that pertain to the CNS infection in humans and includes experimental data from animal models that illuminate how these microbes enter the CNS. Recent experimental data showing that L. monocytogenes can invade the CNS by more than one mechanism make it a useful model for discussing the various routes for neuroinvasion used by intracellular bacterial pathogens

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“…The genus Mycobacterium includes over 100 species, most of which are found in soil and water. The expectation is, therefore, that any archaeological material that has come into contact with soil and/or water is likely to contain environmental mycobacteria (3,53) and that bone extracts will contain DNA from these species. Genome data are unavailable for the large majority of these species, and the extent to which they share sequence similarity with M. tuberculosis is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype of a historic strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bouwman

Kennedy

Müller

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

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The use of ancient DNA in paleopathological studies of tuberculosis has largely been restricted to confirmation of disease identifications made by skeletal analysis; few attempts at obtaining genotype data from archaeological samples have been made because of the need to perform different PCRs for each genetic locus being studied in an ancient DNA extract. We used a next generation sequencing approach involving hybridization capture directed at specific polymorphic regions of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome to identify a detailed genotype for a historic strain of M. tuberculosis from an individual buried in the 19th century St. George's Crypt, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. We obtained 664,500 sequencing by oligonucleotide ligation and detection (SOLiD) reads that mapped to the targeted regions of the M. tuberculosis genome; the coverage included 218 of 247 SNPs, 10 of 11 insertion/deletion regions, and the repeat elements IS1081 and IS6110. The accuracy of the SOLiD data was checked by conventional PCRs directed at 11 SNPs and two insertion/deletions. The data placed the historic strain of M. tuberculosis in a group that is uncommon today, but it is known to have been present in North America in the early 20th century. Our results show the use of hybridization capture followed by next generation sequencing as a means of obtaining detailed genotypes of ancient varieties of M. tuberculosis, potentially enabling meaningful comparisons between strains from different geographic locations and different periods in the past. biomolecular archaeology | paleopathology

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Detection of Mycobacterial DNA in Andean Mummies

Cited by 73 publications

References 13 publications

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Invasion of the Central Nervous System by Intracellular Bacteria

Genotype of a historic strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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