Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in naturally infected gilts over time

Takeuti, Karine Ludwig; Barcellos, David Emílio Santos Neves de; Lara, Anne C. de; Kunrath, Cíntia Farias; Pieters, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.025

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The latter would suggest that, as pigs become older, M hyopneumoniae infection in the lower respiratory tract proliferates and the load of the microorganism increases until being detectable by PCR. The overall detection of a significantly higher proportion of PCR-positive pigs at 22 weeks of age (36.5 per cent from laryngeal swabs) is fully consistent with previous results, where the highest proportion of positives (36.4 per cent) was detected in replacement gilts between 20 and 24 weeks of age using real-time PCR from laryngeal swab specimens 15. A limitation of this study was the lack of M hyopneumoniae bacterial load quantification from nasal and laryngeal specimens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In spite of the difference in M hyopneumoniae detection patterns, the results of this study showed that laryngeal swabs exhibited greater detection than nasal swabs in pigs from all analysed ages. This finding suggests that the use of laryngeal swab could allow an early detection of M hyopneumoniae in weaning-age piglets, disagreeing with a previous study where piglets from gilts rendered PCR-negative results when laryngeal swabs had been collected 15. One potential explanation for these results is that detection of M hyopneumoniae in the nasal cavity may be the result of transient colonisation before reaching the target tissue in the lower respiratory tract.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

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Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nasal and laryngeal swab specimens in endemically infected pig herds

et al. 2020

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BackgroundApparently, laryngeal swabs (LS) are more sensitive than nasal swabs (NS) and allow earlier detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by PCR. However, antecedents about the compared detection of M hyopneumoniae with NS and LS in growing pigs, from naturally infected herds, are lacking in the literature. Thus, this study compared the PCR detection of M hyopneumoniae from NS and LS in pigs of various ages.MethodsA longitudinal study was performed at two farms where NS and LS were collected from three consecutive groups of 20 pigs at 3, 6, 10, 16 and 22 weeks of age. All samples were analysed by nested PCR for M hyopneumoniae detection.ResultsThe probability of PCR detection of M hyopneumoniae was higher in LS for pigs of all ages (odds ratio (OR)=1.87; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 1.31–2.67) and in 22-week-old pigs (OR=4.87; 95 per cent CI 2.86–8.30). The agreement between both sample types was low to moderate (kappa 0.087–0.508), highlighting that M hyopneumoniae does not appear to colonise the respiratory tract in a generalised and consistent fashion.ConclusionsThe results suggest that LS could be employed at different ages to achieve greater bacterial detection. Considering that LS is a minimally invasive, highly sensitive sample compared with the traditional NS, it could be suggested to employ this sample type for M hyopneumoniae detection in naturally infected pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nasal and laryngeal swab specimens in endemically infected pig herds

et al. 2020

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“…hyopneumoniae infection dynamics in which piglets were also negative at weaning (Takeuti et al, 2017a(Takeuti et al, , 2017b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vaccination protocols against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during the gilt acclimation period

Garza-Moreno

Pieters

López-Soria

et al. 2019

Veterinary Microbiology

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This study evaluated different gilt vaccination protocols against Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae at acclimation and their effect on the genetic diversity. A total of 180 M. hyopneumoniae naïve gilts were selected 1 week post-entry (wpe) at the acclimation barn in a clinically affected M. hyopneumoniae farm. Gilts were distributed according to the M. hyopneumoniae antibodies levels into three different vaccination schedules: A) four doses of a M. hyopneumoniae commercial vaccine at 2, 4, 6 and 8 wpe; B) two vaccine doses at 2 and 6 wpe and PBS at 4 and 8 wpe; and C) four PBS doses at the same wpe. Detection of M. hyopneumoniae (rt-PCR) and antibodies (ELISA) were assessed in gilts at 1, 14, 27 and 34 wpe and in 6 of their piglets at weaning. rt-PCR positive gilts were detected at 14 wpe, being the proportion significantly lower in groups A and B (3/120, 3%) than C (27/60, 45%). Seroconversion was detected at 14 wpe, showing significant differences in percentage of inhibition (PI) between groups A (median 4.9, range 3.1-19.9) and B (5.5, 3.7-13.5), and C (14.3, 3.3-53.2). Gilts remained seropositive over the study; significant differences in PI were detected between groups A and B versus C. Piglets were rt-PCR negative; proportion of seropositive piglets coming from vaccinated gilts was significantly higher than the non-vaccinated group. M. hyopneumoniae characterization showed high variability. Hence, gilt vaccination with 2 or 4 doses significantly decreased the pathogen infectious pressure, variability, and provided high antibody levels to gilts and their offspring.

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“…Nevertheless, a limited number of vaccines are currently licensed for the reproductive population (Table 3) and studies on their effect are scarce (Table 4). Dam vaccination sought to decrease the infectious pressure, lowering bacterial load and, consequently, transmission from sow to piglet (Vranckx et al, 2012b;Takeuti et al, 2017), as well as conferring maternal immunity via colostrum (Bandrick et al, 2011).…”

Section: Different Vaccination Schedules Against M Hyopneumoniae Havmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially important when replacement is external and originates from M. hyopneumoniae negative farms. In this situation, the introduction of negative replacement stock into positive farms may contribute to the development of subpopulations of noninfected pigs, increasing the risk of pathogen recirculation and its persistence in the farm (Takeuti et al, 2017). hyopneumoniae infection by means of minimizing pathogen transmission.…”

Section: Different Vaccination Schedules Against M Hyopneumoniae Havmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation strategies in gilts to control Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection

Garza-Moreno

Segalés

Pieters

et al. 2018

Veterinary Microbiology

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary causative agent of enzootic pneumonia (EP), one of the most economically important infectious disease for the swine industry worldwide. M. hyopneumoniae transmission occurs mainly by direct contact (nose-to-nose) between infected to susceptible pigs as well as from infected dams to their offspring (sow-to-piglet). Since disease severity has been correlated with M. hyopneumoniae prevalence at weaning in some studies, and gilts are considered the main bacterial shedders, an effective gilt acclimation program should help controlling M. hyopneumoniae in swine farms. The present review summarizes the different M. hyopneumoniae monitoring strategies of incoming gilts and recipient herd and proposes a farm classification according to their health statuses. The medication and vaccination programs against M. hyopneumoniae most used in replacement gilts are reviewed as well. Gilt replacement acclimation against M. hyopneumoniae in Europe and North America indicates that vaccination is the main strategy used, but there is a current trend in US to deliberately expose gilts to the pathogen.

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Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in naturally infected gilts over time

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nasal and laryngeal swab specimens in endemically infected pig herds

Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nasal and laryngeal swab specimens in endemically infected pig herds

Comparison of vaccination protocols against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during the gilt acclimation period

Acclimation strategies in gilts to control Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection

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