Detection of nicotine based on molecularly imprinted TiO2-modified electrodes

Voltammetric Determination of Nicotine at Poly(4‐Amino‐3‐Hydroxynaphthalene Sulfonic Acid)‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Electropolymerization offer the advantages of simplicity, uniform and controlled film thickness and deposition can be adjusted as required by changing electrochemical parameters [24,27]. However, this approach is not well explored for NIC determination except some reports like the amperometric determination of NIC at a molecularly imprinted titanium oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(TiO 2 /PEDOT)-modified electrode [20].…”

“…Electroanalytical techniques have been considered simple, cheap and reliable when compared to other methods [20]. However, direct electrochemical determination of NIC is hindered by slow electrode kinetics and extremely positive or negative redox potentials which are out of the potential window of conventional electrodes.…”

Voltammetric determination of nicotine in cigarette tobacco at electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode

“…Despite the wellknown high toxicity of nicotine, recent studies suggested its therapeutic possibilities in some neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's [16]. Therefore, reliable analysis of nicotine is important in medicine, toxicology, and tobacco industry [9]. N N CH 3 Scheme 1.…”

“…The electrochemcial oxidation of nicotine at +1.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) using a boron doped diamond electrode [20] illustrates this fact. Other approaches have used titanium dioxide polymer modified electrodes by a molecular imprinting technique [9] which involves a difficult polymer imprinting step. A pencil graphite based electrode has also been utilized for a voltammetric analysis of nicotine in the presence of anionic surfactant [10].…”

“…The frequent intake of nicotine leads to many potential effects on human health such as increased blood pressure and heart beat, atherosclerosis of the respiratory organs, and stimulation of the central nervous system leading to disruption of arteries and cardiovascular risk factors [8,9]. Smoking contributes heavily to the mortality burden because it is a major cause of vascular disease, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [10].…”