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IntroductionThe climate change caused by greenhouse gases emissions in the atmosphere has been widely discussed for years. The transport area is one of the largest contributors for this scenario accounting for 23% of total CO2 emissions. This is because 95% of the energy used in transport comes from fossil fuels (Sims et al., 2014). Globally, transport is likely to continue being a big source of pollution, particularly urban air pollution. While the mobility by car is forecast to only grow 32% by 2050 in OECD countries; it will raise by a staggering 185% in non-OECD countries (ITF, 2017). If initiatives are not taken to find and use alternative and non-polluting energy sources at a reasonable cost, this demand may further jeopardize the planet's environmental conditions (IPCC, 2014a, Creutzig et al., 2015. Numerous treaties have already been proposed at global level to establish policies that foster clean technology initiatives and mitigate environmental impacts. Paris Agreement is the most recent one (UNFCCC, 2015). New legislation is coming in place to ban the sales of new petrol and diesel vehicles in countries like Denmark, Germany, France, and United Kingdom by 2040. Burch and Gilchrist (2018) also point out the list of actions from dozens of other countries to phase-out the production of combustion vehicles as well as the incentive to adopt EVs (electric vehicles). Despite the rapid evolution in the development of EVs, technological learning for the transition to a low carbon transport system still has challenges that depend on innovations in energy storage technologies such as batteries as well as at infrastructural and policy level, i.e. better plan for electric grid infrastructure (Kittner et al., 2020).Clean energy generation through renewable sources, among them solar, wind, water or biomass is also a key step to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen has been pointed out as an alternative (Johnston et al. 2005) however its commercial application (e.g. full cells) are still growing slowly. In particular, solar and wind power have been subject of increasing