Detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus and goatpox virus from an outbreak in goats with high mortality in Meghalaya state, India

Abstract

Aim:We describe a laboratory investigation carried out to confirm the etiology of the heavy mortality (37 animals died out of total 44, i.e. 84%) in goats in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, Northeast region of India in December 2015. The clinical signs observed were abortion, diarrhea, high fever (up to 104°F), pox lesion in the skin, and respiratory distress.Materials and Methods:The samples comprising whole blood, sera, and pox lesion were collected from the animals (n=7) from an outbreak for the screening of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and poxviruses. The whole blood and sera were used for screening of PPR virus (PPRV) by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antibody by competitive ELISA as well as detection of PPRV partial N gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The skin lesions were used for the detection of poxvirus by PCR.Results:The results showed the presence of PPR antigens (58-80%) in the samples by sandwich ELISA and antibody in all the sera samples ranging from 9% to 41% positivity in competitive ELISA. Four samples were positive for PPRV partial N gene. The skin lesion screened for poxvirus was also found to be positive for I3L gene of goatpox virus.Conclusion:We confirm the outbreak of disease in goats with high mortality is a case of mixed infection of PPR and goatpox detected for the first time in Northeast India.

Characterisation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Disease in Pastoralist Flocks in Ngorongoro District of Northern Tanzania and Bluetongue Virus Co-Infection

“…In this study, we did not assay for these pathogens, but sheep and goat pox and CCPP were diagnosed based on typical clinical signs in flocks that neighboured confirmed PPRV-infected flocks. Co-infection of PPRV with capripoxvirus has been reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo [60] and in India [61,62]. Peri-oral skin lesions were present in some flocks but not others, which raises the question of whether the lesions were due to PPRV infection or due to co-infection with other pathogens such as orf virus or bacterial infections.…”

Co‐infection of peste des petits ruminants and goatpox in a mixed flock of sheep and goats in Kanam, North Central Nigeria

“…() and Karim et al . () respectively in co‐infections of PPR and GTP in India among flocks of goats. Mixed infections are a common occurrence in livestock production with severe economic consequences compared to singular infections (Malik et al .…”

Outbreaks of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Goats in Punjab, India

“…Similar finding were observed by Kulkarni et al, (1996) who reported significantly higher case fatality rate in kids. This might be due to for higher infection of young ones with subclinical coccidiosis causing immunosuppressive effect or Escherichia coli infection causing fimbrial adhesions with intestinal mucosa and thus enhancing the effect of PPR virus (Kumar et al, 2001).The morbidity rate can reach 100% with a high case fatality rate in the acute form of disease (Pope et al, 2013;Karim et al, 2016). Affected goats showed high fever (105-107 o F) ocular and nasal discharges ( Fig.1) and diarrhea with soiling of hindquarters.…”