Detection of phenol at boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond electrodes

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe phenol quantification using boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (BDND) from electroanalytical technique of square wave voltammetry (SWV) is reported. BDND depositions were performed using Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition reactor, where it was possible to grow films with statics substrate-holder (sample S1) or with spinning substrate-holder (sample S2). The variation of this growth parameter induced significant changes on the electrode properties. For example, the electrode S2 presented smoothness surface with low roughness in relation to that for electrode S1. Besides, Raman spectra showed different features for both electrodes that could be related to boron incorporation. Electrochemical measurements also presented differences between electrodes, showing the advantages of electrode S2, such as, rapid charge transfer, large electrochemical area and excellent phenol detection limit $0.1 mg L À1 . The phenol standard sample of 8.0 mg L À1 was used to validate the application of this electrode as a nanosensor. Its concentration calculated from SWV using electrode S2 was 8.2 ± 0.2 mg L À1 while from Ion Chromatograph it was 7.9 ± 0.1 mg L À1 . These results demonstrated the high potential of BDND electrodes for electroanalytical applications.

Non-enzymatic amperometric detection of phenol and catechol using nanoporous gold

“…Acidic medium is a kind of electrolyte commonly used in electrochemical oxidation of phenolic compounds since it could effectively prevent electrode deactivation due to polymeric contamination, especially in the processes employing non-enzymatic electrodes [25,26,47]. In this study, we also conducted investigation on Fig.…”

“…In the case of phenol, however, there are fewer reports on successful non-enzymatic detection, particularly in terms of amperometric sensing. Although good sensing performance for phenol were reported on boron doped diamond and platinum-polytyramine composite electrode under voltammetric mode, deactivation of these electrodes due to polymeric fouling could be a major problem and that is why these electrodes require acid electrolyte in order to minimize the effect of electrode degradation [25,26]. Overall, polymeric fouling is one of the main A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 5 obstacles that need to be addressed for practical applications in electro-analysis of phenols.…”

The Effect of pH on Electro-Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds at Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films (BDND)

“…The qualitative detection of phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol were carried out using linear voltammetry (LV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a concentration of 1.0 mmol L -1 . Before each measurement the solution was stirred with N 2 (99.99%) for 10 min, and after each subsequent measurement the BDND surfaces were treated by anodic polarization (2.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl) for 10 s followed by cathodic polarization (-2.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl) for 10 s. This procedure was necessary to restore the initial electrode activity [8]. All experiments were conducted at 22 ± 2°C.…”

“…In this context, this work is an extension of our previous efforts where the detection of phenol was obtained using BDND electrodes with different pretreatments from the SWV technique [8]. Therefore, the goal of this work is to analyze the influence of pH on electro-oxidation process of phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol.…”

Boron doped diamond microelectrodes arrays for electrochemical detection in HPLC

“…Several hundreds of reviews [26], [27] and [28] were published on applications of these electrodes in cyclic voltammetry for the analysis of pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceutical products [29], [30] and [31]. The conductive diamond was also used to manufacture electrodes for electrochemical detection in HPLC and flow injection [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37] and [38] electrochemical reactions [39].…”