Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in laboratory-reared and naturally infected wild mosquitoes using near-infrared spectroscopy

Da, Dari F.; McCabe, Ruth; Some, Bernard; Esperança, Pedro M.; Sala, Katarzyna; Blight, Joshua; Blagborough, Andrew M.; Dowell, Floyd E.; Yerbanga, Serge; Lefèvre, Thierry; Mouline, Karine; Dabiré, Roch K.; Churcher, Thomas S

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89715-1

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Anopheles infection status for Plasmodium is one of the most important parameters when monitoring malaria transmission. A low accuracy of NIRS to predict the Plasmodium infection status of mosquitoes in the fresh state was observed in the present study as well as in previous studies [ 8 , 9 ]. The accuracy of NIRS to predict Plasmodium infection status was still lower after preservation of the specimens in both 80% ethanol and silica gel.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Because the difference in NIRS prediction of infection status did not differ between the fresh state and after mosquito preservation, we assume that this lower accuracy is not due to the preservation method. That NIRS does not work well in predicting the presence or absence of Plasmodium in wild mosquitoes irrespective of whether the models were trained on laboratory or field mosquitoes could be due to multiples factors, such as larval breeding site diversity, blood meal and sugar sources and physiological and nutritional status of the mosquito [ 9 ]. Further studies are needed to better explain the influence of preservation methods on NIRS accuracy to predict mosquito species or their Plasmodium infection status since only two methods (silica gel and 80% ethanol) were used in this 2-week-long study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previously published statistical machine learning approach was used to fit and cross-validate the best model using a generalized linear model [9,21]. A binomial logistic classification model was used to determine Anopheles species (An.…”

Section: Mosquito Scanning and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these different studies used laboratory or field mosquitoes to assess the accuracy of NIRS to differentiate between Anopheles species [3,4], mosquito age [3,6] and Anopheles infection status using Plasmodium culture [7,8]. The reliability of the method for application in entomological surveillance studies using wild mosquitoes is less clear, with models trained on laboratory-reared mosquitoes being unable to accurately predict the infection status or age of field mosquitoes [5,9]. Further work is therefore required to verify these results, and it may be necessary to calibrate NIRS models with greater numbers of wild-caught mosquitoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting field-mosquito collection techniques in a perspective of near-infrared spectroscopy implementation

Some

McCabe

et al. 2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has the potential to be a useful tool for assessing key entomological parameters of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes, including age, infectious status and species identity. However, before NIRS can be reliably used in the field at scale, methods for killing mosquitoes and conserving samples prior to NIRS scanning need to be further optimized. Historically, mosquitoes used in studies have been killed with chloroform, although this approach is not without health hazards and should not be used in human dwellings. For the application of NIRS scanning it is also unclear which mosquito preservation method to use. The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the use of pyrethrum spray, a commercially available insecticide spray in Burkina Faso, for killing mosquitoes Methods Laboratory-reared Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii were killed using either a pyrethrum insecticide spray routinely used in studies involving indoor mosquito collections (Kaltox Paalga®; Saphyto, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso) or chloroform (“gold standard”). Preservative methods were also investigated to determine their impact on NIRS accuracy in predicting the species of laboratory-reared Anopheles and wild-caught mosquito species. After analysis of fresh samples, mosquitoes were stored in 80% ethanol or in silica gel for 2 weeks and re-analyzed by NIRS. In addition, experimentally infected An. coluzzii and wild-caught An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) were scanned as fresh samples to determine whether they contained sporozoites, then stored in the preservatives mentioned above for 2 weeks before being re-analyzed. Results The difference in the accuracy of NIRS to differentiate between laboratory-reared An. gambiae mosquitoes and An. coluzzii mosquitoes killed with either insecticide (90%) or chloroform (92%) was not substantial. NIRS had an accuracy of 90% in determining mosquito species for mosquitoes killed with chloroform and preserved in ethanol or silica gel. The accuracy was the same when the pyrethrum spray was used to kill mosquitoes followed by preservation in silica gel, but was lower when ethanol was used as a preservative (80%). Regarding infection status, NIRS was able to differentiate between infected and uninfected mosquitoes, with a slightly lower accuracy for both laboratory and wild-caught mosquitoes preserved in silica gel or ethanol. Conclusions The results show that NIRS can be used to classify An. gambiae s.l. species killed by pyrethrum spray with no loss of accuracy. This insecticide may have practical advantages over chloroform for the killing of mosquitoes in NIRS analysis. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mosquito Scanning and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting field-mosquito collection techniques in a perspective of near-infrared spectroscopy implementation

Some

McCabe

et al. 2022

Parasites Vectors

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“…Overall, NIRS correctly classified 73% of mosquitoes as infected or uninfected and differentiated between uninfected and those with either oocysts or sporozoites with a 70% accuracy. However, those models were unable to predict infection in wild-caught mosquitoes [68]. This indicates that robust NIRS models for predicting infection in wild mosquitoes need to be developed from naturally infected mosquitoes.…”

Section: Nirs Detection Of Plasmodium Parasites In Anopheles Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Application of Infrared Techniques for Characterisation of Vector-Borne Disease Vectors

Sikulu-Lord¹,

Maciel-de-Freitas²

2023

Infrared Spectroscopy - Perspectives and Applications

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The interest of the entomological community in the application of the Near Infrared (NIR) and Mid Infrared (MIR) spectroscopy techniques for characterisation of insect species has seen a dramatic increase over the last decade. In this chapter, we discuss the application of the Near infrared spectroscopy technique for characterising insects including mosquitoes, triatomine bugs, Culicoides and houseflies under varying environmental and experimental conditions. We focus our discussion on the recent progress made in the application of the NIRS technique to predict the age, species and infection status of mosquito vectors of malaria and arbovirus infections relative to traditional tools such as dissections and molecular techniques and how the tool could be applied in vector surveillance programs to determine disease hotspots and direct current and future interventions. Lastly, we briefly discuss the application of MIR spectroscopy technique for age grading, species identification, blood meal identification and as a potential diagnostic tool for malaria parasites.

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Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans

Tátila-Ferreira

Garcia

Santos

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite with an estimated 70 million people at risk. Traditionally, parasite presence in triatomine vectors is detected through optical microscopy which can be low in sensitivity or molecular techniques which can be costly in endemic countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a reagent-free technique, the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi in Triatoma infestans body parts and in wet/dry excreta samples of the insect. NIRS was 100% accurate for predicting the presence of T. cruzi infection Dm28c strain (TcI) in either the midgut or the rectum and models developed from either body part could predict infection in the other part. Models developed to predict infection in excreta samples were 100% accurate for predicting infection in both wet and dry samples. However, models developed using dry excreta could not predict infection in wet samples and vice versa. This is the first study to report on the potential application of NIRS for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi infection in T. infestans in the laboratory. Future work should demonstrate the capacity of NIRS to detect T. cruzi in triatomines originating from the field.

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Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in laboratory-reared and naturally infected wild mosquitoes using near-infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Adapting field-mosquito collection techniques in a perspective of near-infrared spectroscopy implementation

Adapting field-mosquito collection techniques in a perspective of near-infrared spectroscopy implementation

Application of Infrared Techniques for Characterisation of Vector-Borne Disease Vectors

Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans

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