Detection of Proviruses and Viral RNA in the Early Stages of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Cats: A Possible Model of the Early Stage of HIV Infection.

Ohkura, T.; Shin, Yeon-Sil; Wakamiya, Nobutaka; Iwa, Nobuzo; Kurimura, Takashi

doi:10.1538/expanim.46.31

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, false positives are not uncommon in serological tests (Tozon et al, 2008). Thus, we also found that one cat was only positive through the nested PCR: this animal was possibly at an early stage of infection (when the proviral DNA can be detected in the peripheral blood before antibodies can) (Ohkura et al, 1997). Among the FeLV-positive animals, we found three cats that were negative for p27 and positive through nested PCR, which suggests that regressive/latent infections were present in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Lacerda¹,

Silva²,

Freitas³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Our aims were to determine the frequencies of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in owned and stray cats in the northeastern region of Brazil, ascertain the status of FeLV infection, and investigate potential associated factors among the owned cats. Blood samples from 200 asymptomatic owned cats and 30 stray cats were processed using nested PCR and commercial immunochromatographic tests to diagnose infections. To evaluate the factors associated with FIV and/or FeLV in owned cats, a semistructured interview was conducted with each owner about the animal's environment, and these data were subjected to unconditional logistic regression. The frequencies for owned cats were 6% (12/200) and 3% (6/200) for FIV and FeLV, respectively. No owned cat was positive for both viruses. Stray cats showed frequencies of 6.66% (2/30) and 0% (0/30) for FIV and FeLV, respectively. Contact with other cats and living in peri-urban areas were considered to be risk factors (P < 0.05) for FIV. We did not identify any factors associated with infections with 2 L.C. Lacerda et al. Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (2): gmr16029633FeLV. Our results confirm the presence of these two retroviruses in the region under study. Our use of different diagnostic techniques allowed us to determine the frequency of retroviruses in the feline population more accurately, particularly with regard to infections by FeLV, which have complex pathogenesis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Lacerda¹,

Silva²,

Freitas³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fluctuation in proviral loads during the course of infection due to a decrease in infected CD4+ T cells was reported by others who determined that CD4+ T cell depletion occurred as a result of targeting by cytolytic T lymphocytes and apoptosis (Ohkura et al, 1997). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Maternal hematological and virological characteristics during early feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection of cats as predictors of fetal infection and reproductive outcome at early gestation

Boudreaux

Lockett

Chemerys

et al. 2009

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The FIV-infected cat is a small animal model for HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) because the two lentiviruses are biologically related and produce similar clinical syndromes. Both viruses are vertically transmissible and may negatively impact reproductive outcome. Maternal hematological and virological parameters are predictors of MTCT in HIV-infected women. Our purpose was to determine whether similar maternal characteristics during early pregnancy in FIV-infected cats influence pregnancy outcome. We inoculated ten cats with FIV-B-2542; 10 cats were uninoculated. We quantified longitudinal CD4:CD8 T cell ratios, proviral load, and plasma viremia, monitored longitudinal serostatus, and documented clinical and reproductive outcome during early pregnancy. Inoculated queens were seropositive and provirus positive by week 4 post infection (p.i.). CD4:CD8 ratios were depressed in the infected group by month 3.5 p.i. Proviral load was variable in the animals throughout the course of infection; plasma viremia was below the level of detection in all animals. Reduced litter sizes and increased fetal demise occurred in infected queens. Viral RNA, but not proviral DNA, was detected in representative placentas (14 of 14; 100%) and fetuses (12 of 14; 86%) collected from infected queens. However, maternal virological and hematological characteristics did not correlate either positively or negatively with reproductive outcome.

show abstract

“…Dean and Pedersen reported that the thymus carries the heaviest viral burden in the acute phase of infection and that there was an increase in type 2 cytokines which may contribute to the observed inflammation (7). While viral DNA was disseminated throughout most lymphoid tissues at 70 days p.i., viral RNA was produced almost exclusively in the thymus during the acute phase of infection (18). We have demonstrated heavy viral burden in the thymic tissues of FIV-infected young cats monitored for over 1 year (11), suggesting a strong correlation between virus infection of the thymus and subsequent pathologic change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Antiviral Therapy Reduces Viral Burden but Does Not Prevent Thymic Involution in Young Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Hayes¹,

Phipps²,

Francke³

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The thymus is a major target organ in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected young cats (G.A. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of drug-induced reduction of viral burden in the thymus on virusmediated thymic involution and peripheral blood CD4 decline using FIV-infected cats as a model for pediatric HIV-1 infection. Eight-week-old cats were randomly assigned to uninfected, saline-treated; uninfected, ZDVtreated; FIV-infected, saline-treated; and FIV-infected, ZDV-treated groups. Parameters measured included blood lymphocyte numbers, viral load in blood and thymic tissue, and thymic histopathology. While the viral burden was significantly reduced by ZDV monotherapy in peripheral blood lymphocytes, plasma, and thymus, thymic lesions were similar for the treated and untreated FIV-infected cats. Further, markedly lowering the viral burden did not increase blood CD4 lymphocyte numbers or prevent their decline. The data suggest that an inflammatory process continued in spite of reduced virus replication. These observations imply that reducing virus load and limiting thymic inflammation are separate factors that must be addressed when considering therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving thymic function.

show abstract

Detection of Proviruses and Viral RNA in the Early Stages of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Cats: A Possible Model of the Early Stage of HIV Infection.

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Maternal hematological and virological characteristics during early feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection of cats as predictors of fetal infection and reproductive outcome at early gestation

Antiviral Therapy Reduces Viral Burden but Does Not Prevent Thymic Involution in Young Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About