Detection of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus GI.2/RHDV2/b in the Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus) and White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula)

Calvete, C.; Mendoza, Manuel; Sarto, María Pilar; Bagüés, María Pilar Jiménez de; Luján, Lluís; Molín, Jéssica; Calvo, A. J.; Monroy, Fernando P.; Calvo, J.H.

doi:10.7589/2018-05-124

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The genome characteristics and phylogeny of Alpine musk deer RHDV GS/YZ indicated that this virus is a G2 RHDV, showing close genetic and evolutionary relationships with previously reported G2 RHDV isolates ( Figure 5 ). To date, all other RHDV strains in the G2 group were isolated from rabbits, and no spillover of these viruses to other animal populations was found [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. To understand the potential reasons for this spillover, we compared the amino acid differences of RHDV GS/YZ and 19 other G2 RHDV strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Isolated from Diseased Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus)

Bao

Liu

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is the causative agent of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), and its infection results in mortality of 70–90% in farmed and wild rabbits. RHDV is thought to replicate strictly in rabbits. However, there are also reports showing that gene segments from the RHDV genome or antibodies against RHDV have been detected in other animals. Here, we report the detection and isolation of a RHDV from diseased Alpine musk deer (Moschussifanicus). The clinical manifestations in those deer were sudden death without clinical signs and hemorrhage in the internal organs. To identify the potential causative agents of the disease, we used sequence independent single primer amplification (SISPA) to detect gene segments from viruses in the tissue samples collected from the dead deer. From the obtained sequences, we identified some gene fragments showing very high nucleotide sequence similarity with RHDV genome. Furthermore, we identified caliciviral particles using an electron microscope in the samples. The new virus was designated as RHDV GS/YZ. We then designed primers based on the genome sequence of an RHDV strain CD/China to amplify and sequence the whole genome of the virus. The genome of the virus was determined to be 7437 nucleotides in length, sharing the highest genome sequence identity of 98.7% with a Chinese rabbit strain HB. The virus was assigned to the G2 genotype of RHDVs according to the phylogenetic analyses based on both the full-length genome and VP60 gene sequences. Animal experiments showed that GS/YZ infection in rabbits resulted in the macroscopic and microscopic lesions similar to that caused by the other RHDVs. This is the first report of RHDV isolated from Alpine musk deer, and our findings extended the epidemiology and host range of RHDV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Isolated from Diseased Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus)

Bao

Liu

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…The fecal-oral transmission route and the persistent infection of non-pathogenic lagoviruses was elucidated by RT-qPCR [ 27 , 160 ]. Furthermore, it allowed the detection of low amounts of GI.2 in carcasses of non-target species, such as the Mediterranean pine vole ( Microtus duodecimcostatus ) and the white-toothed shrew ( Crocidura russula ) [ 163 ]. Even acknowledging that the number of genome copies is not directly proportional to the number of infectious particles, RT-qPCR is also useful to confirm successful viral replication in inoculation trials [ 75 , 164 ].…”

Section: Real-time Quantitative Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Methods Used for the Detection and Diagnosis of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV)

Abrantes

Lopes

2021

Microorganisms

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Since the early 1980s, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been threatened by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD). The disease is caused by a lagovirus of the family Caliciviridae, the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The need for detection, identification and further characterization of RHDV led to the development of several diagnostic tests. Owing to the lack of an appropriate cell culture system for in vitro propagation of the virus, much of the methods involved in these tests contributed to our current knowledge on RHD and RHDV and to the development of vaccines to contain the disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the RHDV diagnostic tests used since the first RHD outbreak and that include molecular, histological and serological techniques, ranging from simpler tests initially used, such as the hemagglutination test, to the more recent and sophisticated high-throughput sequencing, along with an overview of their potential and their limitations.

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“…Epidemiological research on RHD is an important point in monitoring the current situation. Calvete et al [19] carried out studies using real-time PCR, which showed the presence of the virus in the found carcasses of Mediterranean voles (Microtus duodecimcostatus) and in two specimens of shrews (Crocidura russula). Thus, it has been shown that within L. europaeus GI.2, there can be passive transmission of the virus to species beyond the Lagomorph order [19].…”

Section: Primermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calvete et al [19] carried out studies using real-time PCR, which showed the presence of the virus in the found carcasses of Mediterranean voles (Microtus duodecimcostatus) and in two specimens of shrews (Crocidura russula). Thus, it has been shown that within L. europaeus GI.2, there can be passive transmission of the virus to species beyond the Lagomorph order [19]. The appearance of the L. europaeus GI.2 virus caused a great deal of confusion in many countries, making it necessary to monitor the evolution and spread of this pathogen in wild populations.…”

Section: Primermentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time PCR Confirms Infection with Lagovirus europaeus

2021

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Lagovirus europaeus GI.1/GI.2 is an etiological agent causing the highly dangerous rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD). Molecular research is the basic tool today that can help solve epidemic problems related to the expansion of pathogens in the world. By using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR), we detected three different strains of Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1, which is an RNA virus infecting mainly rabbits. The results showed that the method used was fast, very specific, and effective.

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Detection of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus GI.2/RHDV2/b in the Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus) and White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula)

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Isolated from Diseased Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus)

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Isolated from Diseased Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus)

A Review on the Methods Used for the Detection and Diagnosis of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV)

Real-Time PCR Confirms Infection with Lagovirus europaeus

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