Detection of Reproductive Hormones in Females by Using 1D Photonic Crystal-Based Simple Reconfigurable Biosensing Design

Abstract

In this manuscript, we have explored the photonic biosensing application of the 1D photonic crystal (PhC) (AB)NCDC(AB)N, which is capable of detecting reproductive progesterone and estradiol hormones of different concentration levels in blood samples of females. The proposed structure is composed of an air cavity surrounded by two buffer layers of material MgF2, which is sandwiched between two identical 1D sub PhCs (AB)N. Both sub PhCs are made up of alternate layers of materials, SiO2 and Si, of period 5. MATLAB software has been used to obtain transmission characteristics of the structure corresponding TE wave, only with the help of the transfer matrix method. The mainstay of this research is focused on the dependence of the intensity and position of the defect mode inside the photonic bandgap with respect to reproductive hormone concentrations in blood samples, change in the thickness of the cavity region and change in angle of incidence corresponding to TE wave only. The proposed design shows high sensitivity of 98.92 nm/nmol/L and 96.58 nm/nmol/L when the cavity of a thickness of 340 nm is loaded with progesterone and estradiol hormones of concentrations of 80 nmol/L and 11 nmol/L, respectively, at an incident angle of 20°. Apart from sensitivity, other parameters such as quality factor and figure of merit have also been computed to gain deep insight about the sensing capabilities of the proposed design. These findings may pave the path for the design and development of various sensing devices capable of detecting gynecological problems pertaining to reproductive hormones in females. Thus, the simple design and excellent performance makes our design most efficient and suitable for sensing applications in industrial and biomedical fields.

Optical biosensor based on enhanced surface plasmon resonance: theoretical optimization

“…One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PhC) are periodic constructions in which the refractive index alters periodically through the structure Aly 2021c, 2020;Aly et al 2021aAly et al , 2020. The refractive index of the sensing substance of the PhC or the defect layer can change the resonance wavelength (Prather et al 2009;Aly et al 2008Aly et al , 2021bAbd El-Ghany et al 2020;Zaky et al 2021c, d, e;Tammam et al 2021). Hybrid configurations composed of two different structures of metal and photonic crystal (PhC) have also drawn much consideration in the latest times (Meradi et al 2016;Sabra et al 2018).…”

Refractive index sensor with magnified resonant signal

“…PCs are periodic dielectric constants of different materials that have attracted high attention because of their unique behaviour like photonic bandgap (PBG) 4 – 7 . One-dimensional (1D-PCs) have been widely included in Tamm 8 – 13 , Fano 14 , and defect mode 12 , 15 – 19 resonance to be used in various applications 20 . These resonant modes have limited amplitude (only from 0 to 100% intensity).…”

Gas sensing applications using magnetized cold plasma multilayers

“…PC is used to modulate the flow of photons Buswell et al 2008;Zaky et al 2021b;Gao et al 2018;Aghajamali et al 2015). According to the periodicity of the material, PC can be studied as one-dimensional (1D-PC) (Aly et al 2020(Aly et al , 2021aBeheiry et al 2010;Aly and Zaky 2019;Zhou et al 2021;Zhang et al 2012;Zaky et al 2021c, d;Meradi et al 2022), two-dimensional (2D-PC) (Akahane et al 2003;Zegadi et al 2019), and three -dimensional PC (3D-PC) (Tandaechanurat et al 2011;Zakhidov et al 1998). Introducing a defect layer into the PC breaks the regular periodic arrangement and gives rise to appearing a defect localized mode in the PBG region (Zaky et al 2021e).…”