Detection of Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Coronavirus Infections in Acute Otitis Media by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Pitkäranta, Anne; Virolainen, Anni; Jero, Jussi; Arruda, Eurico; Hayden, Frederick G.

doi:10.1542/peds.102.2.291

Cited by 256 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…107 1952-1981 and 1985-1992, the mean percentage of cases with bacterial pathogens isolated from the middle ear fluids was 69% and 72%, respectively. 118 A large series from the University of Pittsburgh Otitis Media Study Group reported bacterial pathogens in 84% of the middle ear fluids from 2807 cases of AOM.…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 94%

The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media

Tunkel

Rosenfeld²,

Sevilla³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

1,087

832

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This evidence-based clinical practice guideline is a revision of the 2004 acute otitis media (AOM) guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians. It provides recommendations to primary care clinicians for the management of children from 6 months through 12 years of age with uncomplicated AOM.In 2009, the AAP convened a committee composed of primary care physicians and experts in the fields of pediatrics, family practice, otolaryngology, epidemiology, infectious disease, emergency medicine, and guideline methodology. The subcommittee partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center to develop a comprehensive review of the new literature related to AOM since the initial evidence report of 2000. The resulting evidence report and other sources of data were used to formulate the practice guideline recommendations.The focus of this practice guideline is the appropriate diagnosis and initial treatment of a child presenting with AOM. The guideline provides a specific, stringent definition of AOM. It addresses pain management, initial observation versus antibiotic treatment, appropriate choices of antibiotic agents, and preventive measures. It also addresses recurrent AOM, which was not included in the 2004 guideline. Decisions were made on the basis of a systematic grading of the quality of evidence and benefit-harm relationships.The practice guideline underwent comprehensive peer review before formal approval by the AAP.This clinical practice guideline is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the management of children with AOM. Rather, it is intended to assist primary care clinicians by providing a framework for clinical decision-making. It is not intended to replace clinical judgment or establish a protocol for all children with this condition. These recommendations may not provide the only appropriate approach to the management of this problem. Pediatrics 2013;131:e964-e999

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Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 94%

The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media

Tunkel

Rosenfeld²,

Sevilla³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

1,087

832

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10,11 Total RNA was extracted from 250 L of sample with TriReagent LS (MRC, Inc, Cincinnati, OH) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The resulting RNA was dissolved in 30 L of diethylpyrocarbonate-treated water (Ambion Inc., Austin, TX) and stored at Ϫ80°C.…”

Section: Coronavirus Reverse Transcription-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2-L aliquot of the RNA was tested in duplicate in a single-tube nested RT-PCR assay using the EZrTth RNA-PCR enzyme in a 50-L total volume (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) with second-round inner primers (5 L) suspended in a hanging droplet in the lid. 11 The assay was performed by using HCoV OC43 outer primers O1 (5Ј-CCCAAGCAAACTGCTAC-CTCTCAG-3Ј) and O3 (5Ј-GTAGACTCCGTCAATATCGGTGCC-3Ј) and inner primers O1.1 (5Ј-CATCAGGAGGGAATGTTG-TACC-3Ј) and O3.1 (5Ј-TACTGGTCTTTAGCATGCGGTC-3Ј) in 25 mM Mn 2ϩ . 10 For HCoV 229E, the assay was performed by using outer primers E3 (5Ј-GGTACTCCTAAGCCTTCTCG-3Ј) and E5 (5Ј-GACTATCAAACAGCATAGCAGC-3Ј) 12 and inner primers E7 (5Ј-TCTGCCAAGAGTCTTGCTCG-3Ј) and E9 (5Ј-AGCAT-AGCAGCTGTTGACGG-3Ј) 1 with reduced (20 mM) Mn 2ϩ concentration.…”

Section: Coronavirus Reverse Transcription-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Coronavirus in the Central Nervous System of a Child With Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Yeh¹,

Collins²,

Cohen³

et al. 2004

Pediatrics

268

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ABSTRACT. We present a case in which human coronavirus was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child presumed to have acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In murine models, coronavirus has been found to cause a chronic demyelinating condition that resembles multiple sclerosis. Additionally, there is in vitro evidence of human coronavirus's ability to infect neural cells. This case report provides additional support for the hypothesis that coronavirus may be an important etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease in humans. Pediatrics 2004;113:e73-e76. URL: http://www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/113/1/e73; coronavirus, HCoV, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, ADEM, postinfectious encephalitis, demyelination, child.ABBREVIATIONS. ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; CNS, central nervous system; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; IgG, immunoglobulin G; RT, reverse transcription; HCoV, human coronavirus; MS, multiple sclerosis.A cute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affects children and young adults. It is characterized by high-signal-intensity lesions in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These lesions may be independent of the clinical findings. Children may present with diffuse encephalopathy, seizures, optic neuritis, hemiparesis, and/or symptoms suggestive of spinal cord transection.The epidemiology of the condition is unknown. A review of cases presenting to a children's hospital suggested a prevalence of ϳ4.5 cases per 10 000 pediatric hospital admissions, exclusive of newborns. 1 The etiology of the illness is cryptogenic, although the disorder is generally thought to be due to a paraor postinfectious process. Certainly, many case reports in the literature suggest an infectious process before the onset of CNS symptoms, and some have identified specific infectious agents in cases of ADEM. [2][3][4] However, in most cases, a specific etiologic infectious agent is not identified. For example, in a recent retrospective review of cases of ADEM, clinicians were able to identify an infectious agent in only 1 of 18 cases. 1 ADEM has also been described after immunizations. 5,6 Despite reports of the possible association between infection and ADEM, there is no clear understanding of the relationship between the infectious agent and the onset of demyelination. There is experimental evidence in mice for a relationship between coronavirus and CNS demyelination. [7][8][9] Little is known, however, about this virus's relationship to demyelinating disease in humans. Indeed, there have been no case reports of this virus in relation to ADEM. We report a case of demyelinating disease in a child in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nasopharyngeal specimens were positive for human coronavirus (HCoV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in whom a fourfold rise in antibody titer ...

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“…Because pneumococcus is the most common bacterial cause of otitis media (OM), research over the past decade has focused on pneumococcal vaccination. [18][19][20][21][22] Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in infancy has been shown to be (highly) effective in preventing invasive disease. [23][24][25] Regarding AOM, the clinical efficacy seems modest (6 -7%).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Quality of Life in Children With Recurrent Acute Otitis Media: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

et al. 2005

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Detection of Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Coronavirus Infections in Acute Otitis Media by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract: These findings highlight the importance of common respiratory viruses, particularly HRV and RSV, in predisposing to and causing AOM in young children.

Cited by 256 publications

References 21 publications

The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media

The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media

Detection of Coronavirus in the Central Nervous System of a Child With Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Quality of Life in Children With Recurrent Acute Otitis Media: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

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